Jon Mills
REV: 15 OCTOBER 2002
Cornish nouns are inflected for number and can take up to six forms: singular, plural, collective, singulative, singulative plural and dual.
Ncms |
common noun, masculine singular |
lagas |
Ncmp |
common noun, masculine plural |
lagagow |
Ncmd |
common noun, masculine dual |
dewlaga |
Ncmc |
common noun, masculine collective |
steare |
Ncmv |
common noun, masculine singulative |
stearan |
Ncmvp |
common noun, masculine singulative plural |
sterradnow |
Ncfs |
common noun, feminine singular |
clean |
Ncfp |
common noun, feminine plural |
clenniow |
Ncfd |
common noun, feminine dual |
dewglean |
Ncfc |
common noun, feminine collective |
gweeth |
Ncfv |
common noun, feminine singulative |
gwethan |
Ncfvp |
common noun, feminine singulative plural |
|
Npms |
proper noun, masculine singular |
Davith |
Npmp |
proper noun, masculine plural |
Mynneu |
Npfs |
proper noun, feminine singular |
Cattern |
Npfp |
proper noun, feminine plural |
|
ATd |
definite article |
an |
Ati |
indefinite article |
unn |
For Cornish, the only value of ADPOSITION TYPE that is relevant is preposition. However, in addition to uninflected prepositions, Cornish also has prepositions which inflect for person and number. The following language-specific features are therefore proposed:
APru |
uninflected preposition |
war |
APri1s |
inflected preposition, 1st pers. singular |
warnam |
APri2s |
inflected preposition, 2nd pers. singular |
warnez |
APri3ms |
inflected preposition, 3rd pers. singular masc. |
warnotha |
APri3fs |
inflected preposition, 3rd pers. singular fem. |
warnothy |
APri1p |
inflected preposition, 1st pers. plural |
warnan |
APri2p |
inflected preposition, 2nd pers. plural |
warno |
APri3p |
inflected preposition, 3rd pers. plural |
warnans |
Cc |
coordinating conjunction |
ha, hag |
Cs |
subordinating conjunction |
drevan |
A distinct property of Cornish is that it has two (parallel)
counting systems - a decimal system and a vigesimal system. A further
language-specific extension may therefore be proposed: Numeral Type: 1.
Decimal. 2. Vigesimal.
NUc |
cardinal number, neutral for gender, common |
zith |
NUcm |
cardinal number, masc. |
try |
NUcf |
cardinal number, fem. |
tayr |
NUcd |
cardinal number, decimal |
dowthack |
NUcv |
cardinal number, vigesimal |
iggans |
NUo |
ordinal number, neutral for gender |
wheffas |
Cornish adjectives may be marked morphologically as positive,
comparative or superlative.
AJps |
adjective, positive |
gwydn |
AJc |
adjective, comparative |
gwydna |
AJs |
adjective, superlative |
an gwydna |
Cornish adverbs may be classified as
circumstantial adverbs, adverbs of degree or sentential/interclausal adverbs. Adjectives
are commonly used as circumstantial adverbs in Cornish. Adjectives are
sometimes marked as circumstantial adverbs by prefixing the particle en
to the relevant adjective form.
AVcp |
circumstantial adverb, positive |
da, en ta |
AVcc |
circumstantial adverb, comparative |
gwel, en gwel |
AVcs |
circumstantial adverb, superlative |
gwelha, en gwelha |
AVd |
adverb of degree |
per |
AVs |
sentential/interclausal adverb |
metessen |
Cornish verbs may be either finite or non-finite. Finite verbs are inflected for person, tense and mood. Inflection for person includes first, second and third persons singular, first, second and third persons plural. Cornish distinguishes three tenses morphologically - present, imperfect, preterite (for which we may use the EAGLES value PAST). In addition, Cornish has four moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional and imperative. Traditional Cornish does not normally attest complete paradigms of other than the auxliary verbs.
Vim |
main verb, infinitive (verb noun) |
gwellas |
Vfmia1s |
finite main verb, indicative, present, 1st per. sg. |
|
Vfmia2s |
finite main verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. sg. |
|
Vfmia3s |
finite main verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. sg. |
weall |
Vfmia1p |
finite main verb, indicative, present, 1st per. pl. |
|
Vfmia2p |
finite main verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. pl. |
|
Vfmia3p |
finite main verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. pl. |
|
Vfmib1s |
finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st sg. |
|
Vfmib2s |
finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd sg. |
|
Vfmib3s |
finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd sg. |
welly |
Vfmib1p |
finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st pl. |
|
Vfmib2p |
finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd pl. |
|
Vfmib3p |
finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd pl. |
|
Vfmic1s |
finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 1st sg. |
|
Vfmic2s |
finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd sg. |
|
Vfmic3s |
finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd sg. |
wellas |
Vfmic1p |
finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 1st pl. |
|
Vfmic2p |
finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd pl. |
|
Vfmic3p |
finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd pl. |
|
Vfmid1s |
finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 1st sg. |
|
Vfmid2s |
finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 2nd sg. |
|
Vfmid3s |
finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 3rd sg. |
|
Vfmid1p |
finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 1st pl. |
|
Vfmid2p |
finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 2nd pl. |
|
Vfmid3p |
finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 3rd pl. |
|
Vfmc2s |
finite main verb, imperative, 2nd sing. |
gweall |
Vfmc3s |
finite main verb, imperative, 3rd sing. |
|
Vfmc1p |
finite main verb, imperative, 1st plural |
|
Vfmc2p |
finite main verb, imperative, 2nd plural |
gwello |
Vfmc3p |
finite main verb, imperative, 3rd plural |
|
Vfmsa1s |
finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. sg. |
|
Vfmsa2s |
finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. sg. |
|
Vfmsa3s |
finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. sg. |
|
Vfmsa1p |
finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. pl. |
|
Vfmsa2p |
finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. pl. |
|
Vfmsa3p |
finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. pl. |
|
Vfmsb1s |
finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st sg. |
|
Vfmsb2s |
finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd sg. |
|
Vfmsb3s |
finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd sg. |
|
Vfmsb1p |
finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st pl. |
|
Vfmsb2p |
finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd pl. |
|
Vfmsb3p |
finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd pl. |
|
Vfmcn1s |
finite main verb conditional, 1st sg. |
|
Vfmcn2s |
finite main verb conditional, 2nd sg. |
|
Vfmcn3s |
finite main verb conditional, 3rd sg. |
|
Vfmcn1p |
finite main verb conditional, 1st pl. |
|
Vfmcn2p |
finite main verb conditional, 2nd pl. |
|
Vfmcn3p |
finite main verb conditional, 3rd pl. |
|
Via |
aux. verb, infinitive (verb noun) |
gweel, geel |
Vfaia1s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 1st per. sg. |
wrama |
Vfaia2s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. sg. |
wreta, raze |
Vfaia3s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. sg. |
ra |
Vfaia1p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 1st per. pl. |
wreen |
Vfaia2p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. pl. |
wrewh |
Vfaia3p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. pl. |
wrons, rongy |
Vfaib1s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st sg. |
rean |
Vfaib2s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd sg. |
reas |
Vfaib3s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd sg. |
re |
Vfaib1p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st pl. |
rean |
Vfaib2p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd pl. |
reo |
Vfaib3p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd pl. |
reans |
Vfaic1s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 1st sg. |
reegam |
Vfaic2s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd sg. |
resta |
Vfaic3s |
finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd sg. |
reeg |
Vfaic1p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 1st pl. |
ressan |
Vfaic2p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd pl. |
rigo |
Vfaic3p |
finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd pl. |
reegans |
Vfac2s |
finite aux. verb, imperative, 2nd sing. |
gwra, gwraze |
Vfac3s |
finite aux. verb, imperative, 3rd sing. |
|
Vfac1p |
finite aux. verb, imperative, 1st plural |
gruen |
Vfac2p |
finite aux. verb, imperative, 2nd plural |
gwreew, gwro |
Vfac3p |
finite aux. verb, imperative, 3rd plural |
gwrens |
Vfasa1s |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. sg. |
reffa |
Vfasa2s |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. sg. |
reffa |
Vfasa3s |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. sg. |
reffa |
Vfasa1p |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. pl. |
reffa |
Vfasa2p |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. pl. |
reffo |
Vfasa3p |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. pl. |
reffa |
Vfasb1s |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st sg. |
rella |
Vfasb2s |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd sg. |
rylly |
Vfasb3s |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd sg. |
rella |
Vfasb1p |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st pl. |
rellan |
Vfasb2p |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd pl. |
rello |
Vfasb3p |
finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd pl. |
rellans |
Vfacn1s |
finite aux. verb conditional, 1st sg. |
ressan |
Vfacn2s |
finite aux. verb conditional, 2nd sg. |
resta |
Vfacn3s |
finite aux. verb conditional, 3rd sg. |
ressa |
Vfacn1p |
finite aux. verb conditional, 1st pl. |
ressan |
Vfacn2p |
finite aux. verb conditional, 2nd pl. |
resso |
Vfacn3p |
finite aux. verb conditional, 3rd pl. |
ressans |
PDpdms |
demonstrative pronoun, masc. sg, |
hebma, hemma |
PDpdfs |
demonstrative pronoun, fem. sg. |
holma |
PDpdp |
demonstrative pronoun, plural |
rima |
PDddms |
demonstrative determiner |
-ma |
PDpx1s |
reflexive pronoun 1st sg. |
a hunnen |
PDpx2s |
reflexive pronoun 2nd sg. |
da hunnen |
PDpx3s |
reflexive pronoun 3rd sg. |
e hunnen |
PDpx1p |
reflexive pronoun 1st pl. |
gon hunnen |
PDpx2p |
reflexive pronoun 2nd pl. |
goz hunnen |
PDpx3p |
reflexive pronoun 3rd pl. |
go hunnen |
PDpg1s |
possessive pronoun, 1st sg. |
a, ma |
PDpg2s |
possessive pronoun, 2nd sg. |
tha, da |
PDpg3ms |
possessive pronoun, 3rd sg. |
e |
PDpg1p |
possessive pronoun, 1st pl. |
agon, gon |
PDpg2p |
possessive pronoun, 2nd pl. |
agoz, goz |
PDpg3p |
possessive pronoun, 3rd pl. |
ago, go |
PDppi1s |
personal pronoun, independent, 1st sg. |
me |
PDppi2s |
personal pronoun, independent, 2nd sg. |
che |
PDppi3ms |
personal pronoun, independent, 3rd sg. masc. |
e, eve |
PDppi3fs |
personal pronoun, independent, 3rd sg. fem. |
hye |
PDppi1p |
personal pronoun, independent, 1st pl. |
nye |
PDppi2p |
personal pronoun, independent, 2nd pl. |
why |
PDppi3p |
personal pronoun, independent, 3rd pl. |
angye, gye |
PDppn1s |
personal pronoun, infixed, 1st sg. |
am |
PDppn2s |
personal pronoun, infixed, 2nd sg. |
ath |
PDppn3ms |
personal pronoun, infixed, 3rd sg. masc. |
en |
PDppn3fs |
personal pronoun, infixed, 3rd sg. fem. |
as |
PDppn1p |
personal pronoun, infixed, 1st pl. |
gon |
PDppn2p |
personal pronoun, infixed, 2nd pl. |
ages |
PDppn3p |
personal pronoun, infixed, 3rd pl. |
ez |
PDppd1s |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 1st sg. |
ve |
PDppd2s |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 2nd sg. |
che |
PDppd3ms |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 3rd sg. masc. |
eve |
PDppd3fs |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 3rd sg. fem. |
hye |
PDppd1p |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 1st pl. |
nye |
PDppd2p |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 2nd pl. |
why |
PDppd3p |
personal pronoun, disjunctive, 3rd pl. |
gye, angye |
PDpq |
interrogative pronoun |
pandra |
PDdq |
interrogative determiner |
pan, pana |
PDdpr |
pre-determiner |
oll |
PDdc |
central-determiner |
pub |
PDdpo |
post-determiner |
kethe |
PDdql |
qualifier-determiner |
ma, na |
Upvr |
relative verbal particle |
a |
Upva |
affirmative verbal particle |
e, th-, eth |
Upvn |
negative verbal particle |
na |
Upvo |
optative verbal particle |
re |
Upvp |
perfective verbal particle |
re |
Uppp |
present participle particle |
a |
Upa |
adverbial particle |
en |
I |
interjection |
yow |
Rf |
foreign word |
boots |
Ro |
formula |
2xy |
Rs |
symbol |
£ |
Ra |
acronym |
S4C |
Rb |
abbreviation |
cyf. |
Ru |
unclassified |
|
PUf |
punctuation mark, final |
. ? ! |
PUm |
punctuation mark, medial |
, ; : |
PUl |
punctuation mark, left |
( [ |
PUr |
punctuation mark, right |
) ] |