Suggestions for a Morphosyntactic Tagset for Cornish, based on the EAGLES Obligatory and Recommended Attributes

Jon Mills
REV: 15 OCTOBER 2002

1.   Nouns (N)

Cornish nouns are inflected for number and can take up to six forms: singular, plural, collective, singulative, singulative plural and dual.

 

Ncms

common noun, masculine singular

lagas

Ncmp

common noun, masculine plural

lagagow

Ncmd

common noun, masculine dual

dewlaga

Ncmc

common noun, masculine collective

steare

Ncmv

common noun, masculine singulative

stearan

Ncmvp

common noun, masculine singulative plural

sterradnow

Ncfs

common noun, feminine singular

clean

Ncfp

common noun, feminine plural

clenniow

Ncfd

common noun, feminine dual

dewglean

Ncfc

common noun, feminine collective

gweeth

Ncfv

common noun, feminine singulative

gwethan

Ncfvp

common noun, feminine singulative plural

 

Npms

proper noun, masculine singular

Davith

Npmp

proper noun, masculine plural

Mynneu

Npfs

proper noun, feminine singular

Cattern

Npfp

proper noun, feminine plural

 

2. Article (AT)

 

ATd

definite article

an

Ati

indefinite article

unn

3. Adposition (AP)

For Cornish, the only value of ADPOSITION TYPE that is relevant is preposition. However, in addition to uninflected prepositions, Cornish also has prepositions which inflect for person and number. The following language-specific features are therefore proposed:

APru

uninflected preposition

war

APri1s

inflected preposition, 1st pers. singular

warnam

APri2s

inflected preposition, 2nd pers. singular

warnez

APri3ms

inflected preposition, 3rd pers. singular masc.

warnotha

APri3fs

inflected preposition, 3rd pers. singular fem.

warnothy

APri1p

inflected preposition, 1st pers. plural

warnan

APri2p

inflected preposition, 2nd pers. plural

warno

APri3p

inflected preposition, 3rd pers. plural

warnans

4. Conjunction (C)

 

Cc

coordinating conjunction

ha, hag

Cs

subordinating conjunction

drevan

5. Numeral (NU)

A distinct property of Cornish is that it has two (parallel) counting systems - a decimal system and a vigesimal system. A further language-specific extension may therefore be proposed:  Numeral Type: 1. Decimal. 2. Vigesimal.
 

NUc

cardinal number, neutral for gender, common

zith

NUcm

cardinal number, masc.

try

NUcf

cardinal number, fem.

tayr

NUcd

cardinal number, decimal

dowthack

NUcv

cardinal number, vigesimal

iggans

NUo

ordinal number, neutral for gender

wheffas

6. Adjective (AJ)

Cornish adjectives may be marked morphologically as positive, comparative or superlative.
 

AJps

adjective, positive

gwydn

AJc

adjective, comparative

gwydna

AJs

adjective, superlative

an gwydna

7. Adverb (AV)

Cornish adverbs may be classified as circumstantial adverbs, adverbs of degree or sentential/interclausal adverbs. Adjectives are commonly used as circumstantial adverbs in Cornish. Adjectives are sometimes marked as circumstantial adverbs by prefixing the particle en to the relevant adjective form.
 

AVcp

circumstantial adverb, positive

da, en ta

AVcc

circumstantial adverb, comparative

gwel, en gwel

AVcs

circumstantial adverb, superlative

gwelha, en gwelha

AVd

adverb of degree

per

AVs

sentential/interclausal adverb

metessen

8. Verb (V)

Cornish verbs may be either finite or non-finite. Finite verbs are inflected for person, tense and mood. Inflection for person includes first, second and third persons singular, first, second and third persons plural. Cornish distinguishes three tenses morphologically - present, imperfect, preterite (for which we may use the EAGLES value PAST). In addition, Cornish has four moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional and imperative. Traditional Cornish does not normally attest complete paradigms of other than the auxliary verbs.

 

Vim

main verb, infinitive (verb noun)

gwellas

Vfmia1s

finite main verb, indicative, present, 1st per. sg.

 

Vfmia2s

finite main verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. sg.

 

Vfmia3s

finite main verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. sg.

weall

Vfmia1p

finite main verb, indicative, present, 1st per. pl.

 

Vfmia2p

finite main verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. pl.

 

Vfmia3p

finite main verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. pl.

 

Vfmib1s

finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st sg.

 

Vfmib2s

finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd sg.

 

Vfmib3s

finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd sg.

welly

Vfmib1p

finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st pl.

 

Vfmib2p

finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd pl.

 

Vfmib3p

finite main verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd pl.

 

Vfmic1s

finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 1st sg.

 

Vfmic2s

finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd sg.

 

Vfmic3s

finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd sg.

wellas

Vfmic1p

finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 1st pl.

 

Vfmic2p

finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd pl.

 

Vfmic3p

finite main verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd pl.

 

Vfmid1s

finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 1st sg.

 

Vfmid2s

finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 2nd sg.

 

Vfmid3s

finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 3rd sg.

 

Vfmid1p

finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 1st pl.

 

Vfmid2p

finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 2nd pl.

 

Vfmid3p

finite main verb, indicative, ppf., 3rd pl.

 

Vfmc2s

finite main verb, imperative, 2nd sing.

gweall

Vfmc3s

finite main verb, imperative, 3rd sing.

 

Vfmc1p

finite main verb, imperative, 1st plural

 

Vfmc2p

finite main verb, imperative, 2nd plural

gwello

Vfmc3p

finite main verb, imperative, 3rd plural

 

Vfmsa1s

finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. sg.

 

Vfmsa2s

finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. sg.

 

Vfmsa3s

finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. sg.

 

Vfmsa1p

finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. pl.

 

Vfmsa2p

finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. pl.

 

Vfmsa3p

finite main verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. pl.

 

Vfmsb1s

finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st sg.

 

Vfmsb2s

finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd sg.

 

Vfmsb3s

finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd sg.

 

Vfmsb1p

finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st pl.

 

Vfmsb2p

finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd pl.

 

Vfmsb3p

finite main verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd pl.

 

Vfmcn1s

finite main verb conditional, 1st sg.

 

Vfmcn2s

finite main verb conditional, 2nd sg.

 

Vfmcn3s

finite main verb conditional, 3rd sg.

 

Vfmcn1p

finite main verb conditional, 1st pl.

 

Vfmcn2p

finite main verb conditional, 2nd pl.

 

Vfmcn3p

finite main verb conditional, 3rd pl.

 

Via

aux. verb, infinitive (verb noun)

gweel, geel

Vfaia1s

finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 1st per. sg.

wrama

Vfaia2s

finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. sg.

wreta, raze

Vfaia3s

finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. sg.

ra

Vfaia1p

finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 1st per. pl.

wreen

Vfaia2p

finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 2nd per. pl.

wrewh

Vfaia3p

finite aux. verb, indicative, present, 3rd per. pl.

wrons, rongy

Vfaib1s

finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st sg.

rean

Vfaib2s

finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd sg.

reas

Vfaib3s

finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd sg.

re

Vfaib1p

finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 1st pl.

rean

Vfaib2p

finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 2nd pl.

reo

Vfaib3p

finite aux. verb, indicative, imperfect, 3rd pl.

reans

Vfaic1s

finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 1st sg.

reegam

Vfaic2s

finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd sg.

resta

Vfaic3s

finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd sg.

reeg

Vfaic1p

finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 1st pl.

ressan

Vfaic2p

finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 2nd pl.

rigo

Vfaic3p

finite aux. verb, indicative, preterite, 3rd pl.

reegans

Vfac2s

finite aux. verb, imperative, 2nd sing.

gwra, gwraze

Vfac3s

finite aux. verb, imperative, 3rd sing.

 

Vfac1p

finite aux. verb, imperative, 1st plural

gruen

Vfac2p

finite aux. verb, imperative, 2nd plural

gwreew, gwro

Vfac3p

finite aux. verb, imperative, 3rd plural

gwrens

Vfasa1s

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. sg.

reffa

Vfasa2s

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. sg.

reffa

Vfasa3s

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. sg.

reffa

Vfasa1p

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 1st per. pl.

reffa

Vfasa2p

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 2nd per. pl.

reffo

Vfasa3p

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, present, 3rd per. pl.

reffa

Vfasb1s

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st sg.

rella

Vfasb2s

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd sg.

rylly

Vfasb3s

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd sg.

rella

Vfasb1p

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 1st pl.

rellan

Vfasb2p

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 2nd pl.

rello

Vfasb3p

finite aux. verb, subjunctive, imperfect, 3rd pl.

rellans

Vfacn1s

finite aux. verb conditional, 1st sg.

ressan

Vfacn2s

finite aux. verb conditional, 2nd sg.

resta

Vfacn3s

finite aux. verb conditional, 3rd sg.

ressa

Vfacn1p

finite aux. verb conditional, 1st pl.

ressan

Vfacn2p

finite aux. verb conditional, 2nd pl.

resso

Vfacn3p

finite aux. verb conditional, 3rd pl.

ressans

9. Pronoun-Determiner (PD)

 

PDpdms

demonstrative pronoun, masc. sg,

hebma, hemma

PDpdfs

demonstrative pronoun, fem. sg.

holma

PDpdp

demonstrative pronoun, plural

rima

PDddms

demonstrative determiner

-ma

PDpx1s

reflexive pronoun 1st sg.

a hunnen

PDpx2s

reflexive pronoun 2nd sg.

da hunnen

PDpx3s

reflexive pronoun 3rd sg.

e hunnen

PDpx1p

reflexive pronoun 1st pl.

gon hunnen

PDpx2p

reflexive pronoun 2nd pl.

goz hunnen

PDpx3p

reflexive pronoun 3rd pl.

go hunnen

PDpg1s

possessive pronoun, 1st sg.

a, ma

PDpg2s

possessive pronoun, 2nd sg.

tha, da

PDpg3ms

possessive pronoun, 3rd sg.

e

PDpg1p

possessive pronoun, 1st pl.

agon, gon

PDpg2p

possessive pronoun, 2nd pl.

agoz, goz

PDpg3p

possessive pronoun, 3rd pl.

ago, go

PDppi1s

personal pronoun, independent, 1st sg.

me

PDppi2s

personal pronoun, independent, 2nd sg.

che

PDppi3ms

personal pronoun, independent, 3rd sg. masc.

e, eve

PDppi3fs

personal pronoun, independent, 3rd sg. fem.

hye

PDppi1p

personal pronoun, independent, 1st pl.

nye

PDppi2p

personal pronoun, independent, 2nd pl.

why

PDppi3p

personal pronoun, independent, 3rd pl.

angye, gye

PDppn1s

personal pronoun, infixed, 1st sg.

am

PDppn2s

personal pronoun, infixed, 2nd sg.

ath

PDppn3ms

personal pronoun, infixed, 3rd sg. masc.

en

PDppn3fs

personal pronoun, infixed, 3rd sg. fem.

as

PDppn1p

personal pronoun, infixed, 1st pl.

gon

PDppn2p

personal pronoun, infixed, 2nd pl.

ages

PDppn3p

personal pronoun, infixed, 3rd pl.

ez

PDppd1s

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 1st sg.

ve

PDppd2s

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 2nd sg.

che

PDppd3ms

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 3rd sg. masc.

eve

PDppd3fs

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 3rd sg. fem.

hye

PDppd1p

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 1st pl.

nye

PDppd2p

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 2nd pl.

why

PDppd3p

personal pronoun, disjunctive, 3rd pl.

gye, angye

PDpq

interrogative pronoun

pandra

PDdq

interrogative determiner

pan, pana

PDdpr

pre-determiner

oll

PDdc

central-determiner

pub

PDdpo

post-determiner

kethe

PDdql

qualifier-determiner

ma, na

10. Unique/Unassigned (U)

 

Upvr

relative verbal particle

a

Upva

affirmative verbal particle

e, th-, eth

Upvn

negative verbal particle

na

Upvo

optative verbal particle

re

Upvp

perfective verbal particle

re

Uppp

present participle particle

a

Upa

adverbial particle

en

11. Interjection (I)

 

I

interjection

yow

12. Residual (R)

 

Rf

foreign word

boots

Ro

formula

2xy

Rs

symbol

£

Ra

acronym

S4C

Rb

abbreviation

cyf.

Ru

unclassified

 

13. Punctuation (PU)

 

PUf

punctuation mark, final

. ? !

PUm

punctuation mark, medial

, ; :

PUl

punctuation mark, left

( [ 

PUr

punctuation mark, right

) ]