{"id":7287,"date":"2019-05-22T15:55:14","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T15:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/apgar_score\/"},"modified":"2019-06-26T14:48:12","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T14:48:12","slug":"apgar_score","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/apgar_score\/","title":{"rendered":"Apgar score"},"content":{"rendered":"

An evaluation of a newborn’s physical status by assigning numerical values (0-2) to each of 5 criteria:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. heart rate<\/li>\n
  2. respiratory effort<\/li>\n
  3. muscle tone<\/li>\n
  4. response stimulation, and<\/li>\n
  5. skin colour<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    (see table below). \u00a0A score of 8-10 indicates the best possible condition (a score of 10, however, is very unusual as most newborns lose one point for blue hands and feet). \u00a0A score of 5 or less is taken to mean that the newborn needs immediate assistance. \u00a0It is usually carried out at 1 minute (to assess toleration to the process of birth) and again at 5 minutes (to assess the newborn’s adjustment to the postnatal environment) after birth. \u00a0An Apgar score by itself reveals only the newborn’s condition immediately after birth, and is not intended to be predictive of later developmental outcomes. \u00a0Devised by the obstetrician\u00a0Virginia Apgar<\/a>\u00a0(1909-1974) and published in 1953.<\/p>\n

    Apgar scoring system<\/h2>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    Table<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Item \\ Score<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Heart rate<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Absent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Below 100 bpm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Over 100 bpm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Respiratory effort<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Absent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Slow, irregular<\/p>\n

    breathing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Good, strong cry<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Muscle tone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Limp<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Some flexion of
    extremities<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Active movement
    with flexed arms<\/p>\n

    and legs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Response to<\/p>\n

    stimulation
    of foot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    No response<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Grimace<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Cry, sneeze, cough,<\/p>\n

    or pull away of foot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Skin colour<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Blue pale, pale all<\/p>\n

    over<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    Body pink,<\/p>\n

    extremities blue<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Completely pink

    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    bpm: beats per minute<\/p>\n

    See Muscle tone (or power)<\/a>, Newborn<\/a>, Respiratory acidosis<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    An evaluation of a newborn’s physical status by assigning numerical values (0-2) to each of 5 criteria: heart rate respiratory effort muscle tone response stimulation, and skin colour (see table below). \u00a0A score of 8-10 indicates the best possible condition (a score of 10, however, is very unusual as most newborns lose one point for … <\/p>\n

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