{"id":7422,"date":"2019-05-22T15:56:42","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T15:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/cajal-retzius_cells\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T15:56:42","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T15:56:42","slug":"cajal-retzius_cells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/cajal-retzius_cells\/","title":{"rendered":"Cajal-Retzius cells"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Originally identified by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/1906\/cajal-bio.html\" class=\"cc-route-enabled\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/1906\/cajal-bio.html&amp;target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">S. Ramon y Cajal<\/a> (1832-1934) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.whonamedit.com\/doctor.cfm\/3291.html\" class=\"cc-route-enabled\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.whonamedit.com\/doctor.cfm\/3291.html&amp;target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gustaf Retzius<\/a> (1842-1919), they are neurons situated in the marginal zone of the human embryo that have radial ascending connections with pia mater (the innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord), and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. Evident in mid-gestation in the human fetes, there is some controversy about their functions and developmental course. &nbsp;One reason is that Retzius cells appear to be distinct from those identified by Cajal and that they correspond more closely to what was previously taken to be human Cajal-Retzius cells. &nbsp;It is now thought that Retzius cells play a role in the migration, placement and inside-outside organisation of the cortical plate neurons. &nbsp;Once they have served these functions, it is believed they disappear, perhaps through apoptosis. &nbsp;However, recent research has established that Retzius cells are transient, and restricted to the period of cortical migration. &nbsp;Cajal cells, in contrast, mature later in development, and may even persist into adult life. &nbsp;Whatever the case, Cajal-Retzius cells (or perhaps just Retzius cells) represent a possible example of an ontogenetic adaptation and a qualitative regression in development.<\/p>\n<p>See <a href=\"apoptosis_-or_cell_death-\">Apoptosis (or cell death)<\/a>, <a href=\"brain_-or_encephalon-\">Brain (or encephalon)<\/a>, <a href=\"cell_migration\">Cell migration<\/a>, <a href=\"cortical_plate\">Cortical plate<\/a>, <a href=\"neuronal_migration_disorders\">Neuronal migration disorders<\/a>, <a href=\"ontogenetic_adaptation\">Ontogenetic adaptation<\/a>, Qualitative and quantitative regressions<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originally identified by S. Ramon y Cajal (1832-1934) and Gustaf Retzius (1842-1919), they are neurons situated in the marginal zone of the human embryo that have radial ascending connections with pia mater (the innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord), and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. Evident in mid-gestation &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/cajal-retzius_cells\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Cajal-Retzius cells&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-7422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7422"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7422\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}