{"id":7442,"date":"2019-05-22T15:56:55","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T15:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/causality_-in_philosophy\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T15:56:55","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T15:56:55","slug":"causality_-in_philosophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/causality_-in_philosophy\/","title":{"rendered":"Causality (in philosophy)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Covers three distinct meanings. &nbsp;To begin with, there is causation (the causal relationship between two things when the first is a necessary and\/or sufficient condition the occurrence of the second), the causality principle (a statement of the law of causation in the form &#8216;The same cause always or invariably produces the same effect&#8217;), and causal determinism. Following <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/history\/aristotle.html\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.ucmp.berkeley.edu\/history\/aristotle.html&amp;target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aristotle<\/a> (384-322 BP) and his distinctions between efficient, final, formal and material causes, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sirbacon.org\/toc.html\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.sirbacon.org\/toc.html&amp;target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Francis Bacon<\/a> (1561-1626) established that causality (i.e., Aristotle&#8217;s efficient causality) could be open to empirical investigation, which resulted in the separation of science from philosophy. &nbsp;By the beginning of the 19th century, such simple linear causality (viz., if A causes B, then there is a logical relationship to be discovered by understanding the essences of A and B) was being challenged by notions of multiple causation. &nbsp;In the 20th century, quantum mechanics added a probabilistic dimension to the study of causality.<\/p>\n<p>See Causal determinism, <a href=\"causal_determinism_-or_causalism-\">Causal determinism (or causalism)<\/a>, <a href=\"causal_pathway\">Causal pathway<\/a>, <a href=\"circular_-or_non-linear-_causality\">Circular (or non-linear) causality<\/a>, <a href=\"causality_-as_a_psychological_phenomenon-\">Causality (as a psychological phenomenon)<\/a>, <a href=\"determinism\">Determinism<\/a>, <a href=\"explanation\">Explanation<\/a>, <a href=\"laws_of_nature\">Laws of nature<\/a>, <a href=\"necessary_and_sufficient_conditions\">Necessary and sufficient conditions<\/a>, <a href=\"proximate_mechanisms_-or_causes-\">Proximate mechanisms (or causes)<\/a>, <a href=\"quantum_mechanics\">Quantum mechanics<\/a>, <a href=\"probabilistic_epigenesis\">Probabilistic epigenesis<\/a>, <a href=\"systemic_causality\">Systemic causality<\/a>, Ultimate mechanisms (or causes)<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Covers three distinct meanings. &nbsp;To begin with, there is causation (the causal relationship between two things when the first is a necessary and\/or sufficient condition the occurrence of the second), the causality principle (a statement of the law of causation in the form &#8216;The same cause always or invariably produces the same effect&#8217;), and causal &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/causality_-in_philosophy\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Causality (in philosophy)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-7442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7442\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}