{"id":7797,"date":"2019-05-22T16:00:45","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/dystonia\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T16:00:45","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:00:45","slug":"dystonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/dystonia\/","title":{"rendered":"Dystonia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A state of excessive or inadequate muscle tone. &nbsp;The term was coined by the neurologist <a href=\"http:\/\/neurotalk.psychcentral.com\/thread1841.html\" class=\"cc-route-enabled\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/neurotalk.psychcentral.com\/thread1841.html&amp;target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hermann Oppenheim <\/a>(1858-1919) in 1911 to indicate that &#8220;muscle tone was hypotonic at one occasion and in tonic muscle spasm at another, usually, but exclusively, elicited upon volitional movements&#8221;, a definition that is still used. &nbsp;A transient form of dystonia is quite common in preterm infants, with the incidence ranging from 40% to 80%. &nbsp;It manifests itself as either as hypotonia, or more typically as increased muscle tone with extensor hypertonus through the trunk and lower extremities and increased flexor bonus through the upper extremities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>See <a href=\"axial_muscles\">Axial muscles<\/a>, <a href=\"cerebral_palsy\">Cerebral palsy<\/a>, <a href=\"dyskinesia\">Dyskinesia<\/a>, <a href=\"hypotonia\">Hypotonia<\/a>, <a href=\"muscle_tone_-or_power-\">Muscle tone (or power)<\/a>, <a href=\"parkinson-s_disease\">Parkinson&#8217;s disease<\/a>, Preterm infants, Transient dystonia <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A state of excessive or inadequate muscle tone. &nbsp;The term was coined by the neurologist Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) in 1911 to indicate that &#8220;muscle tone was hypotonic at one occasion and in tonic muscle spasm at another, usually, but exclusively, elicited upon volitional movements&#8221;, a definition that is still used. &nbsp;A transient form of dystonia &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/dystonia\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Dystonia&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-7797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7797\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}