{"id":8116,"date":"2019-05-22T16:04:12","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/hazard_ratio\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T16:04:12","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:04:12","slug":"hazard_ratio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/hazard_ratio\/","title":{"rendered":"Hazard ratio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A unit-free ratio of the odds of onset of a given outcome in any given unit of time for individuals with a given risk, divided by the odds of onset over the same period for individuals without such a risk. &nbsp;Put another way, it is the ratio of the instantaneous probability of the outcome event (e.g., Alzheimer&#8217;s disease) in the exposed group compared with that in the non-exposed group, and as such can be considered as a type of a relative risk. &nbsp;Hazard ratios have been used to describe the outcomes of therapeutic trials. &nbsp;Here, the question is to what extent a particular treatment can reduce the duration of an illness. &nbsp;The ratio, however, does not always accurately capture the degree by which an illness has been shortened. &nbsp;Consequently, when such information is required, then time-based parameters derived from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.phuse.eu\/download.aspx?type=cms&amp;docID=577\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.phuse.eu\/download.aspx?type=cms&amp;docID=577?target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">time-to-event curve<\/a> (e.g., the ratio of the median times of the placebo and drug groups) are recommended to describe the magnitude of the benefit to the patient. &nbsp;One way conveying the difference between hazard-based and time-based measures is to compare them to the odds of winning a race versus the margin of victory:&nbsp;the hazard ratio is the odds of a patient improving faster under treatment, but it does not contain information about how much faster this process may take place.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>See <a href=\"attributable_fraction\">Attributable fraction<\/a>, <a href=\"epidemiological_studies\">Epidemiological studies<\/a>, <a href=\"epidemiology\">Epidemiology<\/a>, <a href=\"odds_ratio\">Odds ratio<\/a>, <a href=\"rate_ratio\">Rate ratio<\/a>, <a href=\"risk_factors\">Risk factors<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A unit-free ratio of the odds of onset of a given outcome in any given unit of time for individuals with a given risk, divided by the odds of onset over the same period for individuals without such a risk. &nbsp;Put another way, it is the ratio of the instantaneous probability of the outcome event &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/hazard_ratio\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Hazard ratio&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-8116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8116\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}