{"id":8134,"date":"2019-05-22T16:04:24","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/hierarchy\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T16:04:24","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:04:24","slug":"hierarchy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/hierarchy\/","title":{"rendered":"Hierarchy"},"content":{"rendered":"

The arrangement of items and or sub-items by size or other criteria such as relative control; can be applied to actions, underlying operations, and social relationships.  Abraham Maslow<\/a> (1908-1970) was responsible for perhaps the most widely known application of the hierarchy concept with his hierarchy of needs model, first published as a paper in 1943, but then more fully in his book Motivation and personality<\/span> (1954).  According to this model, people are motivated to fulfil basic (or deficiency) needs (e.g.physiological, safety) before progressing to more complex (or growth\/being) needs (e.g., esteem, self-actualization).  In order to capture its hierarchical construction, the model is often portrayed as a pyramid. with the most basic needs at the base and self-actualization<\/a> at the peak, the latter being achieved only about 1\/100 people according to Maslow (see figure below).  Maslow himself<\/a> never depicted his model in the form of a pyramid.  He devised the term metamotivation as a means for denoting those individuals who strive to go beyond the scope offered by basic needs to a continuous process of attempting to better themselves, and thus are driven by being needs.  Those who achieve self-actualization are typified by self-awareness, a desire for personal growth and a lack of concern for the opinion of others.  Surprisingly, given its iconic status in psychology, the model has been subjected to relatively little research<\/a>, as well as some trenchant criticisms<\/a> (e.g., his own research on self-actualization was based on a select sample of biographies of those individuals he assumed to have this attribute).  In recent tears, the model has been extended<\/a> to include seven and eight-stage hierarchy of needs.     <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Maslow’s five-level hierarchy of needs motivational model.                  <\/p>\n

See Biogenetic processes<\/a>, Hierarchical models of motor control<\/a>, Holism<\/a>, Levels of analysis<\/a>, Levels of development<\/a>, Levels of organization<\/a>, Multilayered<\/a>, Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development<\/a>, Paradigm<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The arrangement of items and or sub-items by size or other criteria such as relative control; can be applied to actions, underlying operations, and social relationships.  Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was responsible for perhaps the most widely known application of the hierarchy concept with his hierarchy of needs model, first published as a paper in 1943, … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “Hierarchy”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-8134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8134\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}