{"id":8612,"date":"2019-05-22T16:09:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/object_reversal_test\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T16:09:36","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:09:36","slug":"object_reversal_test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/object_reversal_test\/","title":{"rendered":"Object reversal test"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>An experimental paradigm that involves reversal of a previously learnt association. &nbsp;In a typical example, subjects are repeatedly presented with a pair of objects, one of which is associated with a reward (the sample) and one of which is not (the foil). &nbsp;After learning the association between the sample and reward, the association is unexpectedly reversed such that the sample now becomes the foil and vice versa. &nbsp;Dealing successfully with this reversal involves both learning a new association and inhibiting a previously learnt, but now outdated, association. &nbsp;Standardized testing object reversal in children,&nbsp;using a different set stimulus materials, is the purpose of the&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.academictherapy.com\/detailATP.tpl?eqskudatarq=8564-5\" class=\"cc-route-enabled\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.academictherapy.com\/detailATP.tpl?eqskudatarq=8564-5?target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jordan Left-Reversal Test&nbsp;<\/a>first published in 1974. &nbsp;The test, involving five sub-tests, assesses symbol (letter and number) reversals for children aged from 6 to 10 years. &nbsp;It appears that children with learning disabilities and below-average readers commit more errors on the test, suggesting problems with reading skills. &nbsp;Piagetian-based tests of conservation might also be considered to constitute an evaluation of the ability to understand reversibility (viz., the ability to see and understand the reversal of a physical transformation). &nbsp;There is a long-standing assumption that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amygdala (AMG) make joint contributions to alterations in stimulus-reward associations. &nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2556079\/#!po=2.38095\" class=\"cc-route-enabled\" target=\"_self\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2556079\/#!po=2.38095&amp;target=_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recent research with monkeys<\/a>&nbsp;suggests quite the opposite: the two brain structures make distinct contributions. &nbsp;Monkeys with OFC lesions were unable to optimally guide choices when faced with object reversals. &nbsp;Those with AMG lesions showed the opposite pattern of behavior in that they derived benefits from correctly performed trials following an error. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>See <a href=\"amygdala\">Amygdala<\/a>, <a href=\"inhibitory_control\">Inhibitory control<\/a>, <a href=\"learning\">Learning<\/a>, <a href=\"orbitofrontal_cortex\">Orbitofrontal cortex<\/a>, <a href=\"response_inhibition_tasks\">Response inhibition tasks<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An experimental paradigm that involves reversal of a previously learnt association. &nbsp;In a typical example, subjects are repeatedly presented with a pair of objects, one of which is associated with a reward (the sample) and one of which is not (the foil). &nbsp;After learning the association between the sample and reward, the association is unexpectedly &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/object_reversal_test\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Object reversal test&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-8612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8612\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}