{"id":9414,"date":"2019-05-22T16:18:45","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wisconsin_card_sorting_test_-wcst\/"},"modified":"2019-05-22T16:18:45","modified_gmt":"2019-05-22T16:18:45","slug":"wisconsin_card_sorting_test_-wcst","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wisconsin_card_sorting_test_-wcst\/","title":{"rendered":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A test of abstract thinking and planning, as well as of the ability to change mental set (a temporary readiness to perceive, think or act in a particular way) when circumstances demand it. &nbsp;It consists of 128 cards that differ in color&nbsp;(red, green, yellow, blue), form&nbsp;(circle, triangle, cross, star), and number (one, two, three, four). The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kRN-TilDjX8\" data-editable-link=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kRN-TilDjX8?target=_self\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">task<\/a>&nbsp;is to try to match them to four target cards by discovering some underlying rule, the tester only providing information as to whether each sort is right or wrong. &nbsp;After a correctly sorted series of ten,&nbsp;the sorting rule is changed without any warning, thus requiring the tested to show flexibility. &nbsp;The main score on this task reflects the number of perseveration errors, observed when a participant gets stuck in a sorting rule that was previously correct, but after the switch to the new sorting rule not any more. It is consider to be a test of executive function, or alternatively of perseveration (meaningless repetition of words, phrases or actions) and thus as an indicator of frontal lobe damage. &nbsp;Its use in assessing children with&nbsp;developmental disorders (e.g.,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0887617704000101\" data-editable-link=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0887617704000101?target=_self\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ADHD<\/a>)&nbsp;has been a topic in a number of publications. &nbsp;The test was originally devised by David A. Grant at the University of Wisconsin, and first published in 1948.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>See&nbsp;Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),&nbsp;Attentional flexibility, Cortical lobes, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Executive function (EF), Frontal cortex, Frontal lobe, Inhibitory control<\/p>\n<p>Grant, D. A., &amp; Berg, E. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in Weigl-type card-sorting problem.&nbsp;<span class=\"\" style=\"font-style: italic;\">Journal of Experimental Psychology<\/span><span class=\"\" style=\"font-style: italic;\">, 38<\/span>, 404-411.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A test of abstract thinking and planning, as well as of the ability to change mental set (a temporary readiness to perceive, think or act in a particular way) when circumstances demand it. &nbsp;It consists of 128 cards that differ in color&nbsp;(red, green, yellow, blue), form&nbsp;(circle, triangle, cross, star), and number (one, two, three, four). &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wisconsin_card_sorting_test_-wcst\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2],"class_list":["post-9414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-glossary","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9414\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fas\/psych\/glossary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}