Citation Referencing Guide

Using Images from this Website

When using images from this website (for example in a PowerPoint slideshow for a student seminar), please include a credit line that references ‘Cinema Memory and the Digital Archive’ and ‘Special Collections, Lancaster University Library’. You should also cite the catalogue reference of the original document so that others can discover it via our website and in the archive. For example, a suitable image credit line might read as follows:

‘Letter written by Mollie Stevenson [December 1992]’, MS-92-002PL001, Cinema Memory Archive, Special Collections, Lancaster University Library; digitised by the Cinema Memory and the Digital Archive and available online: [insert URL link to digitised letter].

Using quotations or extracts from our documents in your work

If you are quoting from, or referring to, one of the collection’s documents in your work then you will need to provide a citation. Your citation should conform to the rules of the specific referencing style guide you are following. For example, a letter by the participant Dorris [aka Doris] Braithwaite could be referenced in a bibliography in the following ways:

APA
Braithwaite, Dorris. (1995, February 17). [Participant letter addressed to Annette Kuhn]. Cinema Memory Archive (DB-95-038PL001), Lancaster University Library Special Collections, Lancaster, United Kingdom. Cinema Memory and the Digital Archive. Retrieved DATE, from https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/projects/cmda/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/PR-CMDA-DB-95038-AL-00001-000-00001.pdf.

Chicago
Braithwaite, Dorris. Participant letter addressed to Annette Kuhn, 17 February 1995. DB-95-038PL001, Cinema Memory Archive, Lancaster University Library Special Collections, Lancaster, https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/projects/cmda/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/PR-CMDA-DB-95038-AL-00001-000-00001.pdf.

MLA
Braithwaite, Dorris. Participant letter addressed to Annette Kuhn. 17 February 1995. Cinema Memory Archive, Lancaster University Library Special Collections, Lancaster, DB-95-038PL001. Cinema Memory and the Digital Archive, https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/projects/cmda/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/PR-CMDA-DB-95038-AL-00001-000-00001.pdf.

These examples are provided as a guide and were prepared using the official documentation issued by these three major citation styles. We are aware that style guides are regularly updated and different items require specific referencing formats; we would therefore recommend you consult your preferred citation style guide before preparing your references.

Note: We understand that many scholars will instinctively omit references to a website when citing archival material (even when that material was consulted via an online platform). However, we would like to encourage you to reference our website in your work if you can. It helps us by raising our profile, and it helps other researchers to find the materials you have used. Thank you for your support.