{"id":12516,"date":"2026-05-14T15:00:52","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T14:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/?p=12516"},"modified":"2026-05-15T11:24:24","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T10:24:24","slug":"cinema-childhood-memory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/2026\/05\/14\/cinema-childhood-memory\/","title":{"rendered":"Cinema, childhood, memory"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Annette Kuhn embarks on an exercise in cultural memory<\/h3>\n<p>As the first in an occasional series of blogs showcasing assets in the Cinema Memory Archive relating to project planning, conduct and outreach, what follows is the text of a brief talk given as part of a panel discussion on &#8216;Children and Cinema&#8217; at the Society for Cinema Studies Annual Meeting in Chicago in March 2000. [SCS Conference Talk 2000 Folder<em>, CC-19000<\/em><em>OE103<\/em>]. It broaches some\u00a0issues that were to become foundational for all\u00a0subsequent explorations of cinema memory in the research projects Cinema Culture in 1930s Britain and Cinema Memory and the Digital Archive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>When people talk about their memories, they tell stories, they narrate.\u00a0 The idea of story is often associated with fiction, i.e. something not actual, not &#8216;true&#8217;, &#8216;made up&#8217;.\u00a0 I don&#8217;t use &#8216;story&#8217; in these senses.\u00a0 It&#8217;s my contention rather that all stories, even conscious &#8216;lies&#8217;, carry truths of some sort, and that these are readable\u00a0 both in the stories people tell about their own lives and in the ways they tell them. They are evidence, they contain clues, and they can be mined for cultural and historical insights.<\/p>\n<p>My talk today draws on memory-stories of youthful cinemagoing; and I shall draw out some of the implications of these stories for an understanding of &#8216;cinema memory&#8217; as a distinctive variant of cultural memory.<\/p>\n<p>The stories are taken from material gathered for an ongoing research project, Cinema Culture in 1930s Britain, in the course of which depth interviews were conducted some years ago with over eighty mostly volunteer interviewees living in various parts of Britain who were asked about their recollections of &#8216;going to the pictures&#8217; in the 1930s. Most of these men and women were children or adolescents during the thirties.<\/p>\n<p>A certain pattern emerges in the sorts of things that they recollect&#8211;in the immediate themes\u00a0 of their memory-stories, that is. These themes are in some degree shaped by the interview schedule. Although interviews were open and non-directive, they usually opened, as a means of getting informants into thinking about their past,\u00a0 with a question about the\u00a0first remembered visit to the cinema. This would lead naturally into recollections of related issues: cinema buildings, cinema programmes, getting in to the cinema, films.<\/p>\n<p>While the interview material does not lend itself to quantitative analysis, it is very apparent that some of these issues are recollected more regularly, at greater length, or more vividly, than others.<\/p>\n<p>There is a\u00a0 pattern, too, in how informants organise the narration of\u00a0 their memory-stories.\u00a0Throughout the interviews memory talk observably breaks down into three main types:<\/p>\n<p>Firstly,<strong> anecdotal memory<\/strong>: first-person narration of a one-off story in which the narrator is involved in the recollected events.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>&#8230;The first film I ever remember was going to a cinema in Maryhill Road called the Blythswood. And I had pleaded with my parents to let me go, and I must have been about nine and I was told I could go and it was called <em>The Four Sons<\/em>. [laughs] And we went, I went to the cinema on my own, and I was allowed to go to the first showing at 2 o&#8217;clock. And I went with a friend to the first showing and in these days you just sat right on. There was no change of, no going out. You just went any, in the middle, or any time you walked in, if you paid your fare. So at the end of that my friend said&#8211; &#8220;I have to go, Helen.&#8221; And it just, as I say, went on again. I said &#8220;I think I&#8217;ll watch it again.&#8221; So I sat on and watched it again and I got out, got up to come out and was passing a friend with her parents and she said &#8220;Aw, come on, sit beside me. Don&#8217;t go out, Helen. Just sit with me.&#8221; [laughs] So I sat through it again! And as the end of it her parents were going and she said to her parents, &#8220;Could I sit through this again?&#8217; and they said &#8216;Well, if Helen&#8217;ll stay.&#8221; [laughs] I sat through that film four times. [laughing] And it was a very sad film. I must have been, if I&#8217;d saved my tears, I could probably have swum out of there. And when I got out, my father was waiting, absolutely in a terrible state and didn&#8217;t know what had happened to me. They&#8217;d gone round all my friends and looking for me and the people at the cinema said, no they couldn&#8217;t interrupt the show, they&#8217;d just have to wait till I came out. And my dad was, he was so glad to see me, [laughs] he couldn&#8217;t make up his mind whether to murder me or welcome me. So, my mum welcomed me home but said &#8220;If you ever do that again, you&#8217;ll never get back to the cinema again!&#8221; \u00a0<\/em><span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=HS-92-036\">Helen Smeaton<\/a>, Glasgow, 23 January 1995. <em>HS-92-036AT001<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><audio id=\"audio1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/archive-data\/blog\/HS-92-036AT001_Extract1.mp3\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><br \/>\nSecondly,<strong> individual repetitive memory<\/strong>: regular events in which the narrator is involved (&#8216;I often&#8217;, &#8216;my mother and I used to&#8217;, etc).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Erm, yes. Well we had\u00a0<span class=\"highlight\">maids in those days<\/span>\u00a0and erm, and they were very often\u00a0<span id=\"line_49\" class=\"transcript-line\">more eh, not more important. They were, they were good girls. And they used to,<\/span> <\/em><span id=\"line_50\" class=\"transcript-line\"><em>on their days off, sometimes take me to the cinema.<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=BC-95-208\">Beatrice Cooper<\/a>, Harrow, 20 July 1995.\u00a0<em>BC-95-208AT001<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><audio id=\"audio2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/archive-data\/blog\/BC-95-208AT001_Extract1.mp3\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><br \/>\nThirdly, <strong>collective or distanced repetitive memory<\/strong>: similar to individual repetitive memory, but incorporating a sense of distance: unspecified protagonists are identified as\u00a0 &#8216;they&#8217; or &#8216;we&#8217;.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>You know, they were\u00a0<span class=\"highlight\">joyous<\/span>\u00a0occasions. We went and we came out and we\u00a0<span id=\"line_2613\" class=\"transcript-line\">thoroughly enjoyed it. Mind you, with the old silents, we came out terrified. As I<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_2614\" class=\"transcript-line\">said, the children&#8217;s matinee was on a Saturday afternoon and we used to go and<\/span>\u00a0<\/em> <span id=\"line_2615\" class=\"transcript-line\"><em>see these silent films with black and white with the piano playing.<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=DH-95-034\">Denis Houlston<\/a>, Manchester, 26 April 1995.\u00a0<em>DH-95-034AT001<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><audio id=\"audio3\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/archive-data\/blog\/DH-95-034AT001_Extract1.mp3\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>I want now to examine three case studies of memories of childhood cinemagoing. These represent intersections of specific themes and discourses that emerge insistently across informants&#8217; accounts. They centre firstly on the location of cinemas that informants recollect going to as children, secondly on ways of getting in to the cinema, and thirdly on the films themselves.<\/p>\n<p>These three groups of memory-stories follow, as it were, a journey from home towards and then into a cinema or cinemas. But it is noteworthy that while every informant&#8217;s account contains elements of at least one of the abovementioned groups, all three rarely if ever emerge with equal weight, or indeed at all, in any single account.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location<\/strong>: memories of particular cinemas and their place in local topographies, in relation to home, etc.\u00a0 This references a more general observation about cinema memory&#8211;that in their memory-stories informants navigate mental maps of their childhood neighbourhoods, maps on which they are remarkably keen to pinpoint the precise locations of &#8216;their&#8217; cinemas.\u00a0 This is associated with a spatial and embodied quality to the narration, which inscribes a bodily memory of walking familiar streets between home and the cinema.\u00a0 While as a rule this tends to be associated with repetitive memory discourse, in cases where informants are recalling their very earliest cinema visits it may be accompanied by an anecdotal memory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em><span id=\"line_52\" class=\"transcript-line\">The first time I ever mind [remember] being to a cinema was the old Annfield<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_53\" class=\"transcript-line\">cinema in the <span class=\"highlight\">Gallowgate<\/span>. Now,<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_54\" class=\"transcript-line\">I don&#8217;t know if you know that area. [&#8230;] <\/span>But there&#8217;s a hotel down there, it&#8217;s used as a working men&#8217;s club nowadays, <span id=\"line_59\" class=\"transcript-line\">you know. But it used to, it was the Bellgrove Hotel. Now, on that side, where<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_60\" class=\"transcript-line\">the Bellgrove Hotel stood, was the old Annfield cinema. And that was the first<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><span id=\"line_61\" class=\"transcript-line\"><em>picturehouse that I was ever in. That I can remember. My dad took me to it.\u00a0<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=TM-92-009\">Thomas McGoran<\/a>, Glasgow, 30 November 1994.\u00a0<em>TM-92-009AT001<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><audio id=\"audio4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/archive-data\/blog\/TM-92-009AT001_Extract1.mp3\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Getting in<\/strong>: many informants have something to say about price of admission to the cinema.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em>When mum got her wages on a Friday she would splash out and take us to the Astoria on Possil Road, it cost sixpence for adults and threepence for kids.\u00a0 Beside the pictures there was a wee shop that sold homemade sweets.\u00a0 Never since then have I tasted sweets like those.\u00a0 I used to press my face against the window and drool, candy balls, humbugs, macaroon, pink and white tablet, yum!\u00a0<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=MM-92-008\">Mary McCusker<\/a>, Glasgow, &#8216;Going to the Pictures&#8217;. <em>MM-92-008AR001<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mrs McCusker&#8217;s words, which are characterised by repetitive enunciation, touch on a topic that arises frequently: splashing out on a trip to the pictures when you have to watch the pennies.\u00a0 It is part of a wider theme running through many informants&#8217; stories&#8211;memories of resourcefully\u00a0 &#8216;making do&#8217; or &#8216;getting by&#8217; which sometimes involve acts of improvisation.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>We\u00a0<span id=\"line_1051\" class=\"transcript-line\"><span class=\"highlight\">used to have a cinema<\/span> that was called The Cinema<\/span><span id=\"line_1052\" class=\"transcript-line\">. That all us kids used to queue up to get in there about two<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_1053\" class=\"transcript-line\">o&#8217;clock. And if you didn&#8217;t have enough money to pay, I think it was a penny or<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_1054\" class=\"transcript-line\">tuppence to get in in them days.. [&#8230;] <\/span>You could take a jam jar or a rabbit skin.<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=PB-95-222\">Phyllis Bennett<\/a>, Norwich, 27 October 1995.\u00a0<em>PB-95-222AT001<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><audio id=\"audio5\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/archive-data\/blog\/PB-95-222AT001_Extract1.mp3\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><br \/>\nAs in Mrs Bennett&#8217;s account most, perhaps all,\u00a0versions of the &#8216;jam jar story&#8217; are marked by a distanced version of repetitive enunciation: generally speaking there is relatively little concrete detail of where, what and with whom (&#8216;all us kids&#8217;).\u00a0 This observation sheds light on\u00a0 how memory material might be evaluated and on the sorts of evidence (historical? cultural?) it constitutes.\u00a0 Are &#8216;jam jar stories&#8217; similar in their discursive structure to urban myths?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Films<\/strong>: informants are far less likely to remember individual films or details from films than\u00a0 to recall other aspects of their early cinemagoing. While memories of particular films are rare, memories that do come up are without exception anecdotal: they arise in stories in which the informant\/narrator is at the centre of events and in which the events themselves always have to do with their own remembered response to the film.\u00a0 For example,\u00a0 a number of informants\u00a0 report having nightmares after seeing horrific scenes in films (interestingly, during the 1930s frightening films were a prominent focus of public concerns about the effects of cinema on children).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><em><span id=\"line_280\" class=\"transcript-line\">And I can remember, eh, this particular film, Dr\u00a0<span class=\"highlight\">Fu Manchu<\/span> <\/span><span id=\"line_281\" class=\"transcript-line\">. And that night I came home and had a<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_282\" class=\"transcript-line\">nightmare about Dr\u00a0<span class=\"highlight\">Fu Manchu<\/span>. The Chinese man, with the big long nail. And my<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_283\" class=\"transcript-line\">mother vowed, that was the last picture I was ever to see. I was never to get<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"line_284\" class=\"transcript-line\">back again. Both [parents] were up all night with me with this nightmare of Dr Fu<\/span>\u00a0<\/em><span id=\"line_285\" class=\"transcript-line\"><em>Manchu. I could see him walking through the kitchen.<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/participant_detail.php?fileRef=MM-92-008\">Mary McCusker<\/a>, Glasgow, 22 November 1994.\u00a0<em>MM-92-008AT001<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><audio id=\"audio6\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/archive-data\/blog\/MM-92-008AT001_Extract1.mp3\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>What do these findings about the themes and discourses of\u00a0 childhood memories of cinemagoing suggest about cinema memory as a variant of cultural memory?\u00a0 I have some tentative suggestions to offer.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>While this is probably not associated exclusively with cinema memory, it is perhaps worth noting the insistence, in informants&#8217; accounts of their youthful cinemagoing, on\u00a0 subverting adult restrictions or transcending the limitations imposed by poverty. What, however, are we to make of the oft-recollected example\u00a0 of &#8216;getting by&#8217; which is specific to cinemagoing&#8211;and which has entered the common currency of cinema memory&#8211;namely,\u00a0 the &#8216;jam jar story&#8217; and its variants?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>More specifically, the insistence on spatiality in cinema memory is interesting; not only in that for many informants memories of cinemagoing have more to do with recollected topographies of childhood neighbourhoods than with particular films, but more significantly in that these familiar spaces are often\u00a0 (re)constructed and negotiated through informants&#8217; memory-talk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Some accounts link discursive spatiality with embodied practices of memory. These are apparent not only in accounts which discursively re-enact informants&#8217; journeys on foot through familiar streets to get to a cinema; but also with\u00a0remembered images from films and responses associated with these usually isolated, disassociated, images.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>The CMA assets cited above can be accessed via links on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/\">CMDA website <\/a><\/em><em>or consulted in both physical and digital form in the Cinema Memory Archive at Lancaster University, by appointment with <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/library\/collections\/special-collections-and-archives\/\"><em>Special Collections and Archives<\/em><\/a><em>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>If you wish to cite and\/or re-use any CMA materials, please consult\u00a0 the <\/em><em>CMDA website<\/em><em>\u00a0for information on\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/about\/copyright-permissions-and-reuse-of-material\/\"><em>copyright<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/using-this-site\/\"><em>using the materials<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0from the collection and for a\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/about\/citation-referencing-guide\/\"><em>citation referencing guide.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Post-2000 explorations of cinema memory include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Annette Kuhn, <em>An Everyday Magic: Cinema and Cultural Memory. <\/em>London: Bloomsbury, 2002, pp.9-12; Chapter 2.<\/li>\n<li>Annette Kuhn, Daniel Biltereyst and Philippe Meers, &#8216;Memories of cinemagoing and film experience: an introduction&#8217;. <em>Memory Studies,<\/em> vol.10, no.1 (2017), pp.3-16.<\/li>\n<li>Annette Kuhn,\u00a0<em>Exploring Cinema Memory.\u00a0<\/em>Edinburgh: Argyll Publishing, 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Annette Kuhn embarks on an exercise in cultural memory As the first in an occasional series of blogs showcasing assets in the Cinema Memory Archive relating to project planning, conduct and outreach, what follows is the text of a brief talk given as part of a panel discussion on &#8216;Children and Cinema&#8217; at the Society &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/2026\/05\/14\/cinema-childhood-memory\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Cinema, childhood, memory<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-uncategorized","without-featured-image"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12516"}],"version-history":[{"count":66,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12616,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12516\/revisions\/12616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk\/fass\/projects\/cmda\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}