DS5.1 Text View

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<gap desc="figure"> Water

LATERAL LINE (DETECTS MOVEMENTS IN THE WATER NEARBY). IT IS LIKE A <reg>VEIN</reg>.

BONY DORSAL FIN. THERE IS NO ONE NUMBER OF BONY RAYS IN A FISH'S FIN.

SOFT DORSAL FIN.

CAUDAL FIN/TAIL

ANAL FIN.

PELVIC FIN.

PECTORAL FIN.

GILLS (LUNGS).

WATER

OPERCULUM (SCALES THAT COVER THE GILLS).

By <name key="Denise Svoboda">

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Contents

Powerful Predators

Fantastic Foods

Fishing

Species

Analysis Attack

'Home Sweet Home'

Pictures

Keeping your Pets

Fishy Places

Big Books

Structure

Featuring Facts

Fishy Explanations

Hall of fish History

Contents

Introduction 1

Featuring Facts 2

Pictures 3

Fishy Explanations 4

Hall of History 5

'Home Sweet Home' 6

Fantastic Foods 7

Powerful Predators 8

Fishing 9

Structure 10

Glossary 11

Index 12

<reg>Acknowledgements 13</reg>

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Introduction

At first I thought I would do only 5 types of fresh water fish but as I went on I got so interested I couldn't help but do them all!

There are so many things to write about and so many bits of information that I am sure you would be interested to see where I got my sources from.

You can look in the acknowledgements.

I was sure that I wasn't going to do it in time but I felt more reasured when Miss. <gap desc="Year 5 teacher"> gave us extra time. Thank you Miss. <gap desc="Year 5 teacher">!

I have put a glossary in the back and have underlined all the words or abbreviations that you can find in it (in a different colour). For example: Barbels are like... that is what barbels are./10'.

I chose fish because I wanted to find out more about them and I liked their mysteriousness and so I thought this was the perfect opportunity of finding more out about them. Sometimes it makes me not so nervous about going into rivers and lakes with them.

I think it's like being on top of a mountain and looking at the others in the distance as their colours get paler and you wonder what is beyond. I imagine it that way because it's like the depth of water getting darker and darker. I chose fish, <reg>as well</reg>, because I thought of all the tropical colours. But I decided on fresh water fish because if others were doing fish they probably would do tropical, sharks, whales or dolphins!

Please read on! ...

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<note desc="text written on margin tab"> Featuring Facts

<gap desc="figure"> Factfiles

Catfish

*Whiskers/barbels?: All Catfish have barbels, that is why they are called Catfish as they look like whiskers. They use their barbels to find their way around in the muddy waters where they may be passing or may even live. <gap desc="figure">

Types: 2,000/two thousand.

Continent homes: All above the Equator.

Who lives where?:

Europe	Asia	N America	S America
Wel	Pungas	Blue Catfish	Thorny Catfish
	Wallago	Madtoms	Fresh water Pearl fish
	Mekong

Habitat: Some muddy rivers(slow moving).

Diet: <reg>Invertebrate</reg> fish and algae.

Carp

*The Koi fish is the Japanese Carp, it has been especially bred to make different colours. The Japanese monks did this by carefully breeding them and gradually producing all of these wonderful colours. Look out for facts on the fact page and pictures on some of the pages.

*The Carp belongs to the Minnow family.

Types: 2,500/Two thousand five hundred.

Distribution: Worldwide.

Habitat: Mostly fresh water and muddy places as some types can wriggle from one place to another across land.

Sturgeon <gap desc="figure">

*Sturgeon's eggs are the caviar that we think is such a speciality. The largest can carry 200 kilograms (450 pounds) or more caviar. <gap desc="figure">

Types: 27/Twenty seven.

Continent Homes: Asia, Europe and North America.

Habitat: Rivers, lakes and oceans.

Diet: Small invertebrates.

Perch <gap desc="figure">

*The European Perch lays ribbons of eggs protected inside a sort of jelly. It can yield up to 300,000/ three million eggs, it then scatters it along the ground and other surfaces such as water plants and rocks. <gap desc="figure">

Types: 8,000/ eight thousand.

Distribution: Worldwide.

Habitat: Marine and fresh waters.

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Diet: Invertebrates and fish (mostly).

Pike <gap desc="figure">

*The Pike is the largest fresh water fish (providing there's no escaped zoo animal!) Before today they would probably grow to an amazing, record breaking size as they got older. But now people don't let them grow because of pollution and being caught by nets, fishermen and being trapped by weirs.

Types: 300/ three hundred.

Distribution: Mostly cool fresh waters. Almost worldwide.

Habitat: Many species of these move from fresh to sea water or vice versa in stages of their life. They live in all depths of water in rivers, streams, lakes and oceans.

Diet: Same as Perch.

Salmon<gap desc="figure">

* The types, distribution, habitat and diet are the same as the pike's because <reg>its</reg> order is the same (Salmoniformes).Maybe it's called that because they don't stay in the same type of water as we know salmon don't!?

*Look at the explanations page to see what the possibilities of their lifestyle is!

Trout

Same as Salmon and Pike it also is in the order of Salmoniformes.

Paddlefish

The Paddlefish is 2-metres long. It's nose is like a spatula and it is related to the Sturgeon even though they live so far away from each other.

Types: 27/ twenty seven.

Distribution: Mississippi, Yangtse and Hwang -ho rivers and their tributaries.

Habitat: Large muddy rivers.

Diet: Small invertebrates.

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Facts

*Cuiu-Cuiu

The Thorny Catfish lives in South America, at the bottom of the Amazon and Guyana rivers and tributaries. It could grow up to 10' (3 metres) long. It sucks up rotting detritus as it has no teeth. Better go and see <reg>its</reg> dentist!

*The "Living Jewels" on Earth

They are called "Living Jewels"/ Koi.

They used to be dull brown, but there was once a red one belonging to the monks who kept them in Carp ponds for food.

They kept it and bred from it and gradually, with careful breeding, obtained lots of colourful fish with their scales.

To the Japanese they are like our English blood stock racing horses (very highly prized). The highest price to date is £500,000/ five hundred, thousand pounds. The most popular are the red and white ones. They are not only <reg>beautiful</reg> but they become very large and very tame. In fact they become 1 <reg>metre</reg>/ 3'. In Japan <reg>there</reg> is not much room for pets, but fish can be kept more easily.

In Japan they eat all the <reg>household</reg> scraps. But in England we tend to give them ready made pellets containing all the nutrients and good food that they need. They like lettuce, fruit and prawns for a treat and will readily eat from your hand. They only get ill if they are stressed. This makes them vulnerable to illnesses. If the water is fresh and clean any wound or illness can clean up naturally.

<gap desc="figure"> Kimon-Shiroutsuri Ginrin

*Big Fish

The Longnose Gar lives in the North American rivers. The jaw is actually the nose lined with sharp teeth. The fish is sneaky and hides <reg>its</reg> 1.5 metre/ 5' body in the weeds and shoots out to grab any fish that may be passing.

*Paddlefish

The Paddlefish swims with <reg>its</reg> mouth open <reg>sieving</reg> <reg>miniature</reg> creatures through flaps inside <reg>its</reg> huge mouth. You'll probably see it better on the picture page than through your imagination! Or will you?!

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Facts

*Salmon

Parr -	Smolt -	Salmon -	Kelt
Fresh water	Sea water	River	River

After spawning Salmon are known as Kelts. Salmon also grows fast in the sea. Parr are usually born at night because of predators and that is where Owls have an advantage.

*Eels

The European Eel grows bigger as it approaches Europe. The European Eel grows into a yellow Eel.

*A <reg>Fish's</reg> Way

Most fish lay lots of eggs but only few survive because of predators, humans and pollution.

*It Grows 'ere! In books you might hear- it lives on water plants- and you might want to know if it's sea or fresh water. It's fresh water!

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*Pike Strike

Stealthy but big the Pike lurks in the darkness and then when you don't expect it... PATHETIC! But true (almost). Like the Longnose Gar it hides, it catches smaller fish and other creatures in <reg>its</reg> huge mouth which is lined with teeth, sharp teeth! A large Pike may even attack a bird sitting on the water's surface or even your dog that comes to drink from the water's edge. It may drag the victim underneath the water and drown it. The biggest Pike is said to be at least 40 kilograms in weight. Now when we catch Pike it is a considerable weight for it to be 30 kilograms and in size a length of 1.5 metres/ 5'.

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PICTURES

KOI

<gap desc="imported material"> Ginshiro-Utsuri

<gap desc="imported material"> <note desc="uncertain spelling"> Konamo Sanko <note>

P.T.O. <gap desc="imported material"> Platinum Oogun

P.T.O. <gap desc="imported material"> Yamabuki Oogun

<gap desc="imported material"> Mizuho Oogun

P.T.O. <gap desc="imported material"> <note desc="uncertain spelling"> Kin-ki-Utsuri <note>

<gap desc="imported material"> Orange Hariwua

P.T.O. <gap desc="imported material"> Kin-Showa

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<gap desc="imported material"> Ai-Goromo

<gap desc="imported material"> Koromo-Showa

<gap desc="imported material"> Yamatonishiki

<gap desc="imported material"> Kujyaku </note>

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Picture - Freshwater Angelfish

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Paddlefish

Paddlefish

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Bream <gap desc="imported material">

Roach <gap desc="imported material">

Perch <gap desc="imported material">

Carp <gap desc="imported material">

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Fishy Explanations

Salmon

Why do they lay their eggs in fresh water?

Easier to cling on to on fresh water plants than on sea water plants and unless the eggs are very well stuck on in the sea it could easily float up.

In the sea creatures tend to know that some fish bury their eggs in the sand as the Salmon does. But the Salmon and some other fish know better!

Fresh water might be better for their young.

European Eels

Yellow Eel- Small eyes, yellow

Colours- Camouflage.

} Eyes-Y- Camouflage. European Eel- Big eyes, silver

E- To see in the dark or mud.

Eels spend most of their time in fresh water and spawn out at sea. This is the opposite to Salmon though. So the ideas up above for the Salmon, the last two, can't apply or can they because the Eel may have different systems?

Why is it bigger?

You will have heard about the European Eel growing bigger as it got closer to Europe in the facts but you may wonder when it got closer and bigger if it was because of <reg>its</reg> natural ways or pollution. It could easily be because of both but most likely to be is <reg>its</reg> period of life.

<gap desc="figure"> S.T.Tiddle S.T.Tiddle S.T.Tiddle S.T.Tiddle

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Hall of Fish History

*What are you running away for?

The Sailfish is the fastest, ever recorded fish. It can get up to 110 kph or 68mph that is approximately 4 times as fast as an athlete runner. Hard to imagine I <reg>know</reg>!, but this may be easier: roughly the fastest you can go in your car on the motorway. But it is a sea fish.

*I wouldn't like to be in deep water with you

The Arapaima is or would have been the largest fresh water fish in the world but now it only grows to 3 metres long. However it used to be an amazing 5 metre long fresh water fish.

*A Muddy Swamp!

Lungfish look similar to eels.

The biggest live in the muddy swamps in Africa and when the swamps dry up it can wriggle across the land to a <reg>nearby</reg> river, or it will bury itself deep into the mud and sleep until the next rainy season fills <reg>its</reg> swamp.

Smaller species are found in South America or Australia.

*A Nice Meal

Prehistoric fish <reg>weren't</reg> all as big as you might think. People say they probably <reg>weren't</reg> as big as our largest fish the Whale <reg>Shark</reg>. As this title might suggest over 5 million years ago most or maybe all fish would have fitted a dinner plate!

PREHISITORIC FISH

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Map - World

Argentine Pearl fish Bitterling Bowfins Bream Chichlids Carp Catfish Fresh Water Angelfish Garfish Goldfish Halfbeak Killifish Minnow Mullet Paddlefish Perch Pike Puffer River Lamprey Roach Rosy Barb Salmon Shad Silver Sides Some Eels Some Sea Bass Some Sole Sticklebacks Sturgeons Murray Cod Bigmouth Buffalo Arapaima/Pirarucu Knifefish Mahaseer Giant Tiger fish

<gap desc="colour key"> NORTH AMERICA

<gap desc="colour key"> EUROPE

<gap desc="colour key"> SOUTH AMERICA

<gap desc="colour key"> ASIA

<gap desc="colour key"> AUSTRALIA

<gap desc="colour key"> AFRICA

* Can't find

* North of the equator

* Almost worldwide

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<gap desc="figure"> 1. Fish contain vitamins and minerals

2.Protein

3. Not alot of highly unsaturated fats

4.Low in carbohydrates

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PREDATORS

Otters: <gap desc="figure">

Kingfishers: <gap desc="figure">

Humans: <gap desc="figure">

Birds: <gap desc="figure">

Animals: <gap desc="figure">

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<gap desc="figure"> Fishing

You can fish in lots of places one of them is the Wyre fisheries. You have to have a <sic>license</sic> to fish and there is a limited amount of fish that you can keep to cook and eat. At the fisheries they sell flies and you have to dip your tackle in disinfectant. You put salve in the fishes mouth and put them back in the pond. The season has just gone if you are fishing in lakes or rivers.

<gap desc="figure"> 30 sec Dip

<gap desc="figure"> Silly wellies!

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Structure

SEE FRONT COVER.

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Glossary

~ Abbreviations ~ A sign to say things for short like ' is for feet.

~ Algae ~ A bacteria form of a water weed.

~ Barbels ~ Feelers.

~ Bred ~ Kept and made to spawn with another fish maybe a red one so you get red and white young.

~ Cling ~ Hold on to.

~ Considerable ~ A good size, a good weight... ~ Continent ~ 1 of 7 continents. These continents are: Europe, Asia, Africa, N America, S America, Australia, Antarctica

~ Crustaceans ~ Armoured creatures.

~ Dark Bars ~ Dark lines.

~ Depth ~ 1. Colour depth: 2.The deep end of a swimming pool:

~ Detritus ~ Rubbish.

~ Distribution ~ Where it is.

~ English blood stock racing ~ horses English blood racing horses or just <reg>another</reg> name for English horses.

~ Equator ~ The line around the Earth where the sun goes round.

~ Exceptionally ~ Unusually.

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~ Habitat ~ Surroundings like water weeds.

~ <reg>Household</reg> ~ In the case that I used scraps from around the house.

~ Hybrids ~ Special markings.

~ Interbreeding ~ Different types of fish that breed together.

~ Larvae ~ Grub or caterpillar look of an insect.

~ Marine ~ Sea.

~ Molluscs ~ Soft body <reg>and</reg> sometimes hard shell like a snail.

~ Nutrients ~ Good food and also healthy.

~ Obtained ~ To get.

~ Order ~ To get your numbers in the right order: 1 2 3 4 5 ...

~ Pellets ~ Capsules and sometimes rolled up and hardened food for pets.

~ Period ~ A stage.

~ Region ~ An area.

~ <reg>Sieving</reg> ~ Flaps or tight spaces to let only small bits through.

~ Shellfish ~ A fish with a shell.

~ Smolt ~ A Salmon in the stage of life where it is in the sea about to go to a river and turn into a Salmon.

~ Spatula ~ A shape like this: <gap desc="figure"> Used in cooking to scrape bits of food out of a bowl. <gap desc="figure">

~ Specialty ~ Usually an expensive, special food. <gap desc="figure">

~ Species ~ A type like endangered species.

~ Stressed ~ A feeling of anxiety.

~ Tame ~ Friendly or not scared of humans.

~ Tinged ~ Lightly coloured in the place where I used it.

~ Tributaries ~ Partings of a river stream.

~ Twined ~ Tangled around something.

~ Vary ~ The colour can be <note desc="word inserted below"> vary </note> either red or yellow.

~ Vice Versa ~ The other way round.

~ Victim ~ Live target.

~ Vulnerable ~ Easy to get.

~ Yield ~ Produce. ~ ' ~ Feet in measurement.

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INDEX

ANGELFISH page 10

ATTACK page 8

BIRDS page 7, 8, 16

CAMOUFLAGE page 14

CATFISH page 3, 6, 15

CARP page 3, 5, 12, 15

CHICHLIDS page 16

EELS page 7

EGGS page 3, 7

EXPENSIVE FISH page 6 article on koi.

FASTEST FISH page 14

HUMANS page 16, 17, 14

KEEPING FISH page 6 "

KELT page 7

KINGFISHER page16

KOI page 6, 3, and 9,

LAND FISH page14

LARGEST page 14

LONGNOSE GAR page 6

OTTER page 16

PADDLEFISH page 4,11

PARR page 7

PERCH page 3,5.

PIKE page 4,8,

PLACE TO GO page 17

RACING HORSES page 6

ROACH page 5,12

ROSY BARB page 15

SALMON page 4, 7, 13, 15

SILVER BREAM page 5, 12

SMALL page 14

SMOLT page 7

SPECIES page15

STURGEON page 3

TIGER page 16

TROUT page 4, 15

WATER PLANTS page 3, 6,

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Acknowledgements

<gap desc="personal name"> - For deciding on why I chose to do it and say why in my introduction.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For letting me use the computer, giving me advice on it, telling me information and buying the Fun Fax books.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For giving me advice on the pictures and telling me information.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For giving me information and for letting me use his computer.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For telling us about and taking us to the Wyre Fisheries and telling me that I could ask one of my Great Aunts would tell me about Koi.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For telling me also about the Fisheries.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For giving me lots of wonderful facts about Koi.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For asking a fisherman if he had caught anything and taking us out to see some fish maybe, I did no one else!

<gap desc="personal name"> - For lending his Fact files.

<gap desc="personal name"> - For letting me use her computer in school.

BOOKS

MICROSOFT ENCARTA 1995.

COLLINS DICTIONARY.

INVITATION TO NISHIKIGOI (Koi fish magazine.)

FUN FAX - By Steve Parker.

LIBRARY

FISH - By J. Bailey.

FISHES - By G. Vevers.

FRESH WATER FISH - By B. Brewster.

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