<date desc="19 Mar 98">
<date desc="updated 21 Dec 2000">
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THE TIT FAMILY
by <name key="kyrah hollingsworth">
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contents.
Blue tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 1
Marsh tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 8
<reg>beaks</reg> and feet <gap desc="dot leaders"> 10
great tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 12
Willow tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 22
bearded tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 25
Long tail tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 31
coal tit <gap desc="dot leaders"> 38
<reg>birds</reg> washing <gap desc="dot leaders"> 43
bird <reg>feeders</reg> and <reg>nests</reg> <gap desc="dot leaders"> 46
Graphs: <gap desc="dot leaders"> 52
<unclear> <gap desc="dot leaders"> 57
<reg>puzzles</reg> <gap desc="dot leaders"> 62
favourite pictures <gap desc="dot leaders"> 63
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HAUNTS <gap desc="probable punctuation"> - Very general
NEST - The blue tits' <reg>material</reg> for a nest is moss wool and feathers; in a hole in a tree or a wall <gap desc="probable punctuation"> or in like <sic>a</sic> old place like a pump or a letter box
<gap desc="probable punctuation"> or a street lamp.
Eggs <gap desc="probable punctuation"> - 7 or 8 or more, white, spotted with light red; like those of the great tit, but smaller. April or May.
FOOD. - chiefly insects. it is most <reg>useful</reg> in destroying greenfly and other <reg>insects</reg>.
Notes - <sic>"Tsee tsee ch-ch-ch-ch-" si si si</sic> and others; Song, two or <reg>three</reg> high notes <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and a trill.
A blue <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
on the next page you will see a blue <reg>tit's</reg> egg. The egg <sic>resemble</sic> <reg>those</reg> of other tits <gap desc="probable punctuation">
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A Blue <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> eggs <gap desc="probable punctuation">
here is a close up of a blue <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
<gap desc="figure"> hello
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BLUE TITS <gap desc="probable punctuation">
The blue or Tom tit is another very popular <reg>little</reg> acrobat. Smaller than the <reg>great</reg> tit, and even more often seen hanging upside down on a twig or coconut. The plumage is primrose-yellow on the <reg>underparts</reg> and a greyish blue and green above. The head is blue and white.
Despite its <gap desc="probable punctuation"> blue cap, <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and tail, the tiny blue tit may look <gap desc="probable punctuation"> green or yellow. The blue can be vivid but <reg>usually</reg> shows <gap desc="probable punctuation"> up best at close range. young ones <gap desc="probable punctuation"> have <sic>yellower</sic> heads <gap desc="probable punctuation">
Blue tits are everywhere <reg>except</reg> for the bleakest Scottish isles <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and uplands <gap desc="probable punctuation"> They need tall trees <gap desc="probable punctuation"> with holes <gap desc="probable punctuation"> so are most abundant in deciduous <gap desc="probable punctuation"> woods <gap desc="probable punctuation"> conifers <gap desc="probable punctuation"> have few <reg>sites</reg> and in most of europe are avoided; garden <reg>nestboxes</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> are <reg>often</reg> used. Where there are <reg>plenty</reg> of holes <gap desc="probable punctuation"> blue tits <gap desc="probable punctuation"> abundant. britain has <gap desc="probable punctuation"> 3.3 <reg>million</reg> <reg>pairs</reg> Ireland a <reg>million</reg>: if there are few holes; blue <reg>tits</reg> lose out to <reg>great</reg> <reg>tits</reg>. but if there are plenty, blue tits <gap desc="probable punctuation"> will be commoner <reg>because</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> they can reach more of the <reg>available</reg> food.
Blue tits <gap desc="probable punctuation"> are classic peanut eaters; naturally they take <reg>spiders</reg>: insects <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and <sic>seed</sic> <reg>including</reg> grubs</reg> hidden <reg>inside</reg> bark or galls. in Spring they <reg>turn</reg> to <reg>caterpillars</reg>; <reg>which</reg> are the high-energy food of growing chicks <gap desc="probable punctuation"> in gardens; there are <sic>few</sic> <reg>caterpillars</reg> females <gap desc="probable punctuation"> than in woods <gap desc="probable punctuation"> so females <gap desc="probable punctuation"> are in poorer condition, lay fewer eggs <gap desc="probable punctuation">and <unclear> few <reg>chicks</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation">
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The blue <reg>tit's</reg> box.
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the picture at the side is a box. that looks like the one in my garden. the box in my garden has a nest. The male keeps <gap desc="probable punctuation"> on flying out for food <reg>while</reg> the female is looking after the <reg>chicks</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation">
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This is inside a blue tit's box <reg>only</reg> blue tits <gap desc="probable punctuation"> can get in and out. this is a picture of young <reg>chicks</reg> <reg>getting</reg> fed.
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blue tits.
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With only five <reg>little</reg> ones, this is quite a small blue tit family. <reg>Often</reg> a record-breaking 15 baby tits <gap desc="probable punctuation"> hatch at one time.
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this baby is cleaning himself in a puddle.
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The blue <reg>tits</reg> in my garden.
a few weeks weeks <gap desc="probable punctuation"> ago some blue tits came in <reg>our</reg> garden. We put out some nuts and other food and then <gap desc="probable punctuation"> <reg>they</reg> came down and <reg>ate</reg> it all up. A few weeks <gap desc="probable punctuation"> later they came and made a nest in <reg>our</reg> <reg>tree</reg>. My dad put a blue tit box up for them. <sic>We</sic> kept on <reg>coming</reg> in and out of the box for <reg>twigs</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and branches <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and food <reg>they</reg> had some <reg>chicks</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> We had them in <reg>our</reg> box for about 3 <reg>weeks</reg>. We heard the sound of them. then <reg>they</reg> went <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and the <sic>they</sic> came back when <reg>they</reg> were older in to <reg>our</reg> garden and <sic>the</sic> were very big for <reg>their</reg> age.
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cheep cheep
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A Marsh tit.
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A Marsh tit egg.
a <sic>closes</sic> up of a Marsh <reg>tit's</reg> <reg>egg</reg>.
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Beaks <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and feet.
BEAKS <gap desc="probable punctuation">
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Thin and pointed: Typical of <reg>insect-eaters</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> <reg>such</reg> as the <reg>Warblers</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> Tits <gap desc="probable punctuation"> and <reg>Dunnocks</reg>
FEET
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Three forwards <gap desc="probable punctuation"> <reg>facing</reg> toes, moderate nail: Typical of perching birds <gap desc="probable punctuation"> <reg>such</reg> as the thrush.
<reg>Where</reg> the blue tit <reg>lives</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation">
Key -
Blue - <reg>Where</reg> it <reg>lives</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation">
White - <reg>Where</reg> it does not live.
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Great tit.
HAUNT general
Nest made wiith grass, moss, hair, and <reg>feathers</reg>; in a hole in a tree or wall, or in a pump, flowerpot or even a letter-box.
Egg 6 or 7, occasionally 12 or more, white spotted With light red. <reg>April</reg> or May.
Food insects; nuts; seeds; also fat and scraps <gap desc="probable punctuation">
notes <gap desc="probable punctuation"> <sic>si si si</sic> and a sharp "chink". The song, <sic>"tea-cher"</sic> is a high and low metallic note repeated several <reg>times</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation">
about a great tit.
Great tit: like the blue tit, the young great tit is a pale shadow of its <gap desc="probable punctuation"> parent, but you <reg>still</reg> see a sign of the typical <reg>pattern</reg>: a dull greeny-black head with yellowish cheeks (rather than glossy black and white) and a hint of the <reg>stripe</reg> down the <reg>middle</reg> underneath. Anyway <reg>great</reg> tits are bigger longer-winged and longer tailed than blue <reg>tits</reg> with stouter <reg>legs</reg> and beaks.
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A great <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
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here is a <reg>close</reg> up of a great <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> egg.
the <reg>colour</reg> of the eggs is a creamy white, marked with tan or brown spots <gap desc="probable punctuation"> <reg>which</reg> vary both in size and in density.
(this is the <reg>colours</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> of a great <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> egg.)
The blue <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> egg and the great <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="probable punctuation"> egg are almost the same <reg>pattern</reg>.
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NEST <reg>boxes</reg>
Stages in making a 'concrete' box - used <reg>by</reg> a great tit.
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D
Encourage coal, marsh blue and great tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> to nest in your garden. <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> or remove the top half of the front panel to provide a nesting site for robins: made from Scandinavian Softwood treated with a preservative that does not harm birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> Approx. 20 x 22 x 15cm.
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Great tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> are easier to tell apart. (<reg>males</reg> have a broader black band down their middles <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
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The <reg>beech</reg> tree.
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IN WINTER, PARTICULARLY WHEN MAST IS PLENTIFUL MANY BIRDS <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> FEED ON THE NUTS <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
IMPORTANT WINTER FOOD FOR THE <reg>GREAT</reg> TIT THAT ITS <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> ABUNDANCE IS <reg>believed</reg> <reg>to</reg> <reg>influence</reg> <reg>their</reg> <reg>population</reg>.
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Sun bathing
Many species of birds sunbathe from time to time. When conditions are right, several may use the same patch of warm sunshine and <reg>settle</reg> down close together: even the odd grey squirrel might <reg>join</reg> in, too!
Why do <reg>they</reg> do it? Several explanations have been offered: for example, forcing parasites <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> in the feathers <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> to creep about in the sudden heat and risk being picked off; and manufacturing vitamin D in the exposed skin.
In most cases, <reg>though</reg>, <reg>especially</reg> with small birds, it Just <reg>looks</reg> as <reg>though</reg> they enjoy it <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> or, put it another way, if you don't think birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> enjoy <reg>themselves</reg>, <reg>they</reg> feel the cold and need to warm up.
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My trip to <gap desc="identifying text">
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one day my mum me and jenny went to <gap desc="identifying text">. <reg>before</reg> we went to a hide we went to look at some other birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">. it was a fun day we played some games <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> then I <reg>saw</reg> a great tit it was on some nuts <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> a square box a feeding box it looked like a cage. there was <reg>also</reg> a circle nut and feeding box <reg>too</reg>. he had lovely <reg>colours</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">. .you had to look <reg>through</reg> a <reg>fence</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> with holes <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> in it.
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information. on a great tit.
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<poem>
My poem
A great <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> in my garden
right here next to me it flaps <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
wings <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> it jump up and
down and <reg>doesn't</reg> look at me.
The great <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">very <reg>colourful</reg>
and happy as can be. It <reg>hops</reg>
around the garden and <reg>doesn't</reg> look at me.
It <reg>flies</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> on to the bird table
and jumps <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and does <reg>dances</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
and eats <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> all the nuts <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> up and
<reg>flies</reg> on to the tree but it does <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> not look at me.
It <reg>flies</reg> on to washing line
as quickly as can be. It
<reg>runs</reg> on the <reg>other</reg> side and
jumps <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> down on ME.
</poem>
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A Willow tit EGG.
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Bearded TIT
When we first moved here we <reg>met</reg> some people who were called <gap desc="personal name"> and <gap desc="personal name">. We <reg>kept</reg> on going round to see them. We told them about my <reg>project</reg>. <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and they gave <reg>us</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> some <reg>information</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> on bearded tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> she said <reg>they</reg> have two names <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> bearded tit or Reedling. <reg>they</reg> gave us some postcards <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and some books <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> on bearded tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> <reg>because</reg> there is not <reg>a lot</reg> of <reg>information</reg> on bearded <sic>tit</sic> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> the book she got us is <reg>too</reg> hard for me to read so she is taking bits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> out and writing them down <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> to give to me <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> to <reg>write</reg> <reg>down</reg> on my project.
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(there is another post card on the other page.)
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HAUNT <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> <reg>Reed-beds</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> only in east Anglia
<reg>LENGTH</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> 6 ½ in.
NEST <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> of sedges; lined with fine grass and reeds - flowers; just above the water, in herbage.
EGGS 5 to 7, whitish, speckled and lined with brown. April-August.
Food Mostly insects <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and small freshwater <reg>molluscs</reg>.
Notes <sic>"cht cht"</sic> and a twanging "ping".
a bearded <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
The ground colour is a <reg>creamy</reg> white, <reg>marked</reg> with specks; lines <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and thin streaks <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> of liver-brown or near-black.
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if you are <reg>lucky</reg> enough to see this reedling you will easily <reg>recognise</reg> it by <reg>its</reg>wedge SHAPED tail, and it <reg>bearded</reg> that is like a <reg>moustache</reg>.
The male has a light blue-grey head and very conspicuous <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> black moustache lines, wide at the top and terminating in points <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> at the base of the neck on either The wings are widely striped with rufous and grey and the back <sic>it</sic> tawny. The female is not so bright, and lacks <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> the grey head and black <reg>moustache</reg>.
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A Bearded <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
a <reg>close</reg> up of a bearded <reg>tit's</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> eggs <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
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bearded tit.
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The bearded tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> have specialist needs <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> which can be met in smaller area (such as reed beds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> ) but still need a larger range of sites than Nature reserves can supply. bearded tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> are <reg>quite</reg> <reg>rare</reg>. <reg>they</reg> call it reedling because it is not like a <reg>tit's</reg> real beak.
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a long tailed <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
a close up of a long tailed <reg>tit's</reg> egg.
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Long tail tit.
HAUNTS <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> hedgerows <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">, <reg>copses</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and <reg>woods</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
Nest. of moss, lichens <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> wool and spiders <reg>webs</reg>; felted <reg>together</reg> and lined with <reg>countless</reg> <reg>feathers</reg>! In a bush or <reg>hedge</reg>. The nest is very deep and domed, the <reg>entrance</reg> hole being at the side near the top.
Eggs <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> 6 to 15, white, <reg>speckled</reg> with light Red
April or may.
Food Mostly <reg>insects</reg>
Notes <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> usually low <sic>"zup"</sic> continuously <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> Repeated.
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<NOTE desc="written vertically">
Long tail tit Long tail tit
Long tail tit Long tail tit
</note>
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one day I went to <gap desc="identifying text">. When we came down the road and after we <sic>park</sic>. <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> I saw a Long tail tit on a tree that had no <reg>leaves</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> on <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> it was my first time I saw a long tail tit. long tail tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> have long tail and they have pink on too. long tail tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> are my <reg>favourite</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> tit.
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Long tail tit.
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THE coal tit
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The coal tit is distinguishable by the white patch behind the head. it climbs <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> up tree trunks; rather like <sic>at</sic> tree creeper, and is bold, acrobatic and inquisitive, as all tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> are <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> its <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> song is quite <reg>powerful</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> <sic>cher-tee cher-tee</sic> and the call is a thin <sic>zee</sic>. Coal tits' <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> <reg>length</reg>: <unclear> cm approx This is the smallest <reg>member</reg> of the tit <reg>family</reg>, and is common <NOTE desc="word/s missing?"> <reg>plantations</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> coal tit often feed together in large <reg>flocks</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> picking insects from branches <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> of trees <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> with their slender beaks <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> They are quite easy to spot <reg>because</reg> of the white <reg>patches</reg> on the back of their <reg>necks</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> The coal tit <reg>builds</reg> its nest in a hole in a tree trunk or <sic>sometime</sic> on the ground.
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The coal tit is easily distinguished from the great and blue <reg>tits</reg> by its more sombre <reg>colouring</reg>. The upper <reg>parts</reg> are olive brown.
Nest of moss <NOTE desc="no punctuation"> grass hair or <reg>wool</reg>.
<reg>Eggs</reg> 6 to 11 White, <reg>spotted</reg> light red <reg>eggs</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
Food many insects <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and <reg>spiders</reg> are <reg>their</reg> <reg>favourite</reg>.
Notes <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> The coal tits' sound is <sic>If-hee If-hee</sic> .
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A close up of an egg.
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<NOTE desc="written vertically">a coal <reg>tit's</reg> egg </note>
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<gap desc="figure">
a crested tit <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> egg.
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When I go bird <reg>watching</reg>.
When I go bird <reg>watching</reg> we always <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> go and take <reg>our</reg> <reg>binoculars</reg> and a bag and some dinner and drinks <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> in and <reg>paper</reg> and pen. here are some pictures <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> of some binoculars
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Some <reg>people</reg> take <reg>telescopes</reg> here are some. We do not have <reg>telescopes</reg>
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This is when we are at <gap desc="identifying text">. We are looking at a reed bunting and I'm <reg>listening</reg> for a <reg>bittern</reg>.
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This is what we wear when it is <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> for bird <reg>watching</reg>.
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this is at <reg>Somerset</reg> I am looking at a little <sic>grebes</sic>.
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I put a chicken carcase on top of the garage roof most of the birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> have been eating the <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> it was an <reg>overcast</reg> and cool <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> day today.
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Day - Tuesday
<reg>place</reg> - <reg>Somerset</reg>
Time 5 <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> past 9 <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
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Key
<gap desc="colour key"> blackbird
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>carrion</reg> crow
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>Thrush</reg>
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>Chaffinch</reg>
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>Pied</reg> <reg>wag</reg> tail.
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Starling / black birds were pecking grass. the blue tits were <reg>pecking</reg> at the <reg>nuts</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
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August <sic>21th</sic>
Time 10 o'clock.
Day Friday.
Place my garden.
Key
<gap desc="colour key"> Starlings:
<gap desc="colour key"> <sic>black birds</sic> ;
<gap desc="colour key"> blue <reg>tits</reg>.
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>chaffinch</reg>.
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>Sparrows</reg>.
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a coal tit was hiding in the <reg>ferns</reg> <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and lots <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> of Blue <sic>tit</sic> were on <reg>our</reg> sunflowers <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and nuts <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> and sparrows <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
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August 20th
day - Tuesday
time. 1.30
place. a garden in <reg>Somerset</reg>.
Key
<gap desc="colour key"> <reg>Sparrows</reg>
<gap desc="colour key"> coal tit
<gap desc="colour key"> blue tit
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1 blue tit <sic>pick</sic> at nuts <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> on top of the table <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> plus <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> two Sparrows <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> 2 more sparrows <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> feeding from pea plants <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> <reg>underneath</reg> bird table. blue tit flitting around from table to <reg>peas</reg>. the <sic>to</sic> swing and then to underneath bird bath then back to table.
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August 30th
day Thursday
time 8 am
place <reg>Somerset</reg>
Key.
<gap desc="colour key"> Blue tits <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
<gap desc="colour key"> Sparrows <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
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<reg>Empty</reg> nuts <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> onto table and put bread crumbs <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> out. 2 adult starling plus <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> 1 young one came <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> on the bird table 1 blue tit came <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> but he got frightened away.
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August 30th
day - Thursday
time 8.15.
place <reg>Somerset</reg>.
Key
<gap desc="colour key"> Starlings
<gap desc="colour key"> blue tit
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Food/finish.
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follow the path your own way and get to the <reg>middle</reg>.
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these birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> want food. <sic>the</sic> only one can have some food. find the food.
<gap desc="figure">
<reg>sorry</reg>
<reg>sorry</reg>
<reg>sorry</reg>
food
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Bibliography
(1.)
Mum.
<reg>field</reg> guide to birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
The observers <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> book of birds eggs <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
The observers' <gap desc="uncertain punctuation"> book of birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
The ladybird nature book of birds <gap desc="uncertain punctuation">
The ladybird nature book of garden birds.
garden and <reg>field</reg> birds.
BBC Wildlife <reg>magazine</reg>
The Encyclopedia of birds.
The rspb <reg>magazine</reg>
<reg>young</reg> birdlife magazine.
</text>