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TRAINS_NN2 BY_II <name key="NAEMAN ABERCROMBIE">

CONTENTS_NN2 ._.

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Introduction_NN1 ._.

The_AT first_MD railways_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN in_II Babylonian_JJ times_NNT2 dating_VVG back_RP to_II around_RP about_RG 2245_MC BC_RA ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR literally_RR stone_NN1 grooves_NN2 in_II the_AT ground_NN1 where_RRQ carts_NN2 were_VBDR pulled_VVN by_II horse_NN1 ,_, donkey_NN1 etc._RA with_IW a_AT1 gauge_NN1 (_( that_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT distance_NN1 between_II the_AT 2_MC rails_NN2 )_) of_IO 1.5m_NNU ._. Remains_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 track_NN1 can_VM still_RR be_VBI seen_VVN between_II Athens_NP1 and_CC Piraeus_NP1 that_CST also_RR were_VBDR stone_NN1 grooves_NN2 in_II the_AT ground_NN1 ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR first_MD invented_VVN in_II Greece_NP1 for_IF <reg> widespread_JJ </reg> movement_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 in_II wagons_NN2 ._. The_AT first_MD recognisable_JJ railway_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II Germany_NP1 and_CC was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF the_AT mines_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 know_VV0 this_DD1 because_CS a_AT1 window_NN1 in_II the_AT Minster_NN1 of_IO Freiburg-im-Breisgau_NP1 depicts_VVZ a_AT1 miner_NN1 pushing_VVG a_AT1 box_NN1 on_II wheels_NN2 along_II a_AT1 track_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 dates_VVZ back_RP to_II 1350_MC ._.

The_AT first_MD illustrations_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 early_JJ mine_NN1 is_VBZ in_II a_AT1 book_NN1 published_VVN by_II Johan_NP1 Haselberger_NN1 of_IO Reichenau_NN1 in_II lower_JJR Austria_NP1 in_RP about_RG 1519_MC with_IW a_AT1 title_NN1 starting_VVG Der_NP1 Ursprung_VVD gemeynner_JJR Berckrecht_NN1 wie_IW die_NN1 lange_NN1 Zeit_NP1 von_NP1 den_NN1 Alten_NP1 erhalten_VV0 worde_NN1 It_PPH1 shows_VVZ <sic> some_PN121 one_PN122 </sic> pushing_VVG a_AT1 truck_NN1 on_II a_AT1 railway_NN1 made_VVN of_IO wood_NN1 ._. A_AT1 Flemish_JJ painting_NN1 ,_, dated_VVN 1544_MC ,_, entitled_VVN <reg> Les_NP1 </reg> Travaux_NP1 de_FW la_FW mine_NN1 ,_, on_II a_AT1 wooden_JJ panel_NN1 of_IO 106.7_MC cm_NNU X_ZZ1 55.9_MC cm_NNU (_( 42_MC X_ZZ1 22_MC inches_NNU2 )_) ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ discovered_VVN in_RP about_RG 1940_MC it_PPH1 shows_VVZ a_AT1 miner_NN1 pushing_VVG a_AT1 4_MC wheeled_JJ truck_NN1 ._.

Many_DA2 people_NN think_VV0 that_CST the_AT first_MD proper_JJ railway_NN1 was_VBDZ Stephenson_NP1 's_GE Rocket_NN1 built_VVN in_II 1829_MC ._. However_RRQV a_AT1 2_MC mile_NNU1 (_( 3KL_FO )_) long_JJ railroad_NN1 made_VVN of_IO baulks_NN2 of_IO timber_NN1 ,_, ran_VVD from_II a_AT1 coal-pit_NN1 at_II Strelley_NP1 to_II Wollaton_NP1 near_II Nottingham_NP1 ._. Huntingdon_NP1 Beaumont_NP1 built_VVD it_PPH1 between_II October_NPM1 1603_MC and_CC October_NPM1 1604_MC ._.

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British_JJ Railway_NN1 Companies_NN2 ._.

At_II one_MC1 time_NNT1 there_EX were_VBDR as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA 1000_MC different_JJ railway_NN1 companies_NN2 in_II Great_NP1 Britain_NP1 ,_, most_DAT of_IO these_DD2 were_VBDR built_VVN by_II <reg> business_NN1 </reg> men_NN2 to_TO link_VVI two_MC or_CC more_DAR towns_NN2 ._. Each_DD1 company_NN1 had_VHD its_APPGE own_DA Act_NN1 of_IO <reg> Parliament_NN1 </reg> seal_NN1 of_IO <reg> Incorporation_NN1 </reg> and_CC board_NN1 of_IO directors_NN2 ._. By_II 1921_MC there_EX were_VBDR only_RR 19_MC main_JJ line_NN1 companies_NN2 ,_, 20_MC smaller_JJR companies_NN2 and_CC 150_MC small_JJ rail_NN1 concerns_NN2 ._. The_AT best_RRT managed_VVN quickly_RR <reg> absorbed_VVN </reg> many_DA2 of_IO the_AT smaller_JJR companies_NN2 and_CC 4_MC main_JJ companies_NN2 emerged_VVD ._. These_DD2 were_VBDR Great_JJ Western_JJ Railway_NN1 (_( GWR_NP1 )_) ,_, London_NP1 ,_, Midland_NP1 and_CC <reg> Scottish_JJ </reg> Railway_NN1 (_( LMS_NN1 )_) ,_, London_NP1 and_CC North_ND1 Eastern_JJ Railway_NN1 (_( LNER_NP1 )_) ,_, and_CC Southern_JJ Railway_NN1 (_( SR_FO )_) the_AT rest_NN1 being_VBG known_VVN as_II Independents_NN2 ._.

The_AT Great_JJ Western_JJ Railway_NN1 Company_NN1 was_VBDZ started_VVN on_II the_AT thirty_MC first_MD of_IO August_NPM1 eighteen_MC thirty_MC five_MC to_TO link_VVI Bristol_NP1 and_CC London_NP1 ._. The_AT company_NN1 expanded_VVN and_CC took_VVD in_RP lots_PN of_IO other_JJ companies_NN2 ._. BY_II 1918_MC it_PPH1 covered_VVD 6,743_MC miles_NNU2 of_IO track_NN1 ._. By_II 1921_MC it_PPH1 had_VHD taken_VVN over_RG 200_MC smaller_JJR companies_NN2 ._.

The_AT London_NP1 ,_, <reg> Midland_NP1 </reg> and_CC Scottish_JJ Railway_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN up_RP of_IO a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO railway_NN1 companies_NN2 including_II Furness_NP1 ,_, Highland_NP1 ,_, Midland_NP1 ,_, London_NP1 &_CC North_ND1 Western_NP1 ,_, and_CC <reg> Glasgow_NP1 </reg> &_CC South_ND1 Western_JJ railways_NN2 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN in_II 1923_MC ._. It_PPH1 covered_VVD towns_NN2 and_CC cities_NN2 from_II the_AT South_ND1 coast_NN1 right_NN1 up_II21 to_II22 Scotland_NP1 ._.

The_AT London_NP1 &_CC North_ND1 Eastern_JJ Railway_NN1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN in_II 1921_MC ._. It_PPH1 covered_VVD 6,590_MC miles_NNU2 of_IO track_NN1 ._. Companies_NN2 included_VVN in_II LNER_NP1 included_VVD North_ND1 Eastern_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, North_ND1 British_JJ Railways_NN2 ,_, Great_JJ Central_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Great_JJ Eastern_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Great_JJ Northern_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Great_JJ North_ND1 of_IO Scotland_NP1 Railway_NN1 and_CC others_NN2 ._. It_PPH1 covered_VVD areas_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Elgin_NP1 and_CC Mallaig_NP1 and_CC Wrexham_NP1 to_II London_NP1 and_CC parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT North_ND1 East_ND1 Lincolnshire_NP1 and_CC East_NP1 Anglia_NP1 ._.

Southern_JJ Railway_NN1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN in_II 1st_MD January_NPM1 1923_MC as_II an_AT1 amalgamation_NN1 of_IO the_AT London_NP1 and_CC South_ND1 Western_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, London_NP1 Brighton_NP1 and_CC South_ND1 Coast_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, London_NP1 Chatham_NP1 and_CC Dover_NP1 Railway_NN1 and_CC South_ND1 Eastern_JJ Railway_NN1 ._. This_DD1 company_NN1 covered_VVD mainly_RR Hampshire_NP1 and_CC Kent_NP1 but_CCB also_RR Dorset_NP1 ,_, Devon_NP1 and_CC Cornwall_NP1 ._.

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Railway_NN1 <reg> Gauges_NN2 </reg> ._.

Railway_NN1 companies_NN2 built_VVD their_APPGE railways_NN2 <sic> with_IW in_II a_AT1 haphazard_JJ way</sic_FO >.; Eventually_RR ,_, larger_JJR systems_NN2 meant_VVD that_CST different_JJ companies_NN2 joined_VVD up_RP ._. These_DD2 large_JJ companies_NN2 were_VBDR London_NP1 &_CC North_ND1 <reg> Western_JJ </reg> Railway_NN1 ,_, The_AT Great_JJ Western_JJ and_CC the_AT South_ND1 Western_JJ Railway_NN1 company_NN1 ._. The_AT Great_JJ Western_NP1 had_VHD an_AT1 engineer_NN1 called_VVN Isambard_NP1 Kingdom_NP1 Brunel_NP1 designing_VVG its_APPGE railway_NN1 tracks_NN2 ._.

All_DB the_AT railway_NN1 companies_NN2 wanted_VVD to_TO be_VBI the_AT best_JJT ._. Brunel_NP1 thought_VVD that_CST trains_NN2 were_VBDR safer_JJR and_CC more_RGR comfortable_JJ if_CS they_PPHS2 used_VVD broad_JJ <reg> gauge_NN1 </reg> rails_NN2 ._. These_DD2 rails_NN2 were_VBDR seven_MC feet_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 quarter_NN1 inch_NNU1 apart_RL and_CC were_VBDR wider_JJR than_CSN those_DD2 used_VVN by_II the_AT other_JJ companies_NN2 ._. They_PPHS2 used_VVD <reg> rails_NN2 </reg> that_CST were_VBDR four_MC feet_NN2 eight_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_RR inches_NNU2 apart_RL ._. Everyone_PN1 wanted_VVD the_AT trains_NN2 to_TO use_VVI the_AT same_DA gauge_NN1 ._. Parliament_NN1 had_VHD to_TO sort_VVI out_RP the_AT problem_NN1 ._. Parliament_NN1 passed_VVD the_AT Gauge_NN1 Act_NN1 which_DDQ said_VVD that_CST all_DB tracks_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI four_MC feet_NN2 ,_, eight_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_RR inches_NNU2 wide_JJ ._.

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Signal_NN1 Boxes_NN2 ._.

Before_CS there_EX were_VBDR signal_NN1 boxes_NN2 for_IF the_AT railways_NN2 policemen_NN2 used_VMK to_TO use_VVI hand_NN1 signals_NN2 <note desc="no punctuation"> there_EX was_VBDZ <reg> one_MC1 </reg> signal_NN1 for_IF danger_NN1 another_DD1 for_IF caution_NN1 and_CC another_DD1 for_IF line_NN1 clear_JJ ._. Below_RL are_VBR some_DD pictures_NN2 of_IO <sic> police_NN2 men_NN2 </sic> doing_VDG some_DD of_IO the_AT signals_NN2 ._.

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DANGER_NN1

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CAUTION_NN1

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LINE_VV0 CLEAR_JJ

As_II the_AT train_NN1 network_NN1 grew_VVD so_RR did_VDD the_AT technology_NN1 <note desc="no punctuation"> they_PPHS2 went_VVD from_II hand_NN1 signals_NN2 to_II mechanical_JJ things_NN2 like_II <reg> levers_NN2 </reg> to_TO control_VVI things_NN2 like_II a_AT1 candle_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 red_JJ and_CC green_JJ filter_NN1 red_NN1 for_IF stop_NN1 and_CC green_JJ to_TO go_VVI ._. The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO me_PPIO1 setting_VVG the_AT stop_NN1 and_CC go_VV0 filter_NN1 at_II York_NP1 ._.

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Then_RT they_PPHS2 went_VVD on_RP to_II smaller_JJR levers_NN2 and_CC other_JJ gadgets_NN2 to_TO control_VVI things_NN2 like_VV0 on_II this_DD1 picture_NN1 showing_VVG the_AT inside_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 signal_NN1 box_NN1 on_II the_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 ._.

One_MC1 of_IO the_AT gadgets_NN2 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 in_II all_DB signal_NN1 boxes_NN2 now_RT is_VBZ the_AT screen_NN1 which_DDQ flashes_VVZ up_RP to_TO show_VVI where_RRQ the_AT trains_NN2 are_VBR ._. This_DD1 old_JJ21 fashioned_JJ22 signal_NN1 box_NN1 compared_VVN to_II <reg> today_RT 's_GE </reg> is_VBZ not_XX very_RG common_JJ for_IF a_AT1 signal_NN1 box_NN1 today_RT ._. If_CS you_PPY look_VV0 at_II the_AT picture_NN1 you_PPY can_VM see_VVI that_CST the_AT fuses_NN2 for_IF it_PPH1 are_VBR extremely_RR big_JJ compared_VVN to_II a_AT1 fuse_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 socket_NN1 ,_, car_NN1 ,_, and_CC even_RR a_AT1 house_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 bus_NN1 ._. There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 drawing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 modern_JJ signal_NN1 box_NN1 below_RL ._.

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The_AT illustration_NN1 below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 modern_JJ signal_NN1 box_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 has_VHZ very_RG expensive_JJ equipment_NN1 in_II it_PPH1 and_CC <note desc="word/s missing?"> very_RG accurate_JJ as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. The_AT new_JJ equipment_NN1 is_VBZ easier_JJR and_CC no_AT <sic> way_NN1 </sic> near_RL as_CSA energy_NN1 and_CC time_NNT1 consuming_VVG meaning_NN1 you_PPY could_VM change_VVI a_AT1 signal_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 flick_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 switch_NN1 ._.

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Railway_NN1 Timetables_NN2 And_CC Tickets_NN2 ._.

In_II 1750_MC it_PPH1 took_VVD ten_MC days_NNT2 to_TO travel_VVI from_II London_NP1 to_II Edinburgh_NP1 by_II stagecoach_NN1 ._. However_RRQV a_AT1 train_NN1 could_VM travel_VVI this_DD1 distance_NN1 in_II two_MC days_NNT2 ._. By_II 1850_MC this_DD1 journey_NN1 took_VVD only_RR 18_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, by_II 1855_MC only_RR 14_MC hours_NNT2 and_CC by_II 1937_MC only_RR 6_MC hours_NNT2 ._. Today_RT the_AT average_JJ journey_NN1 time_NNT1 is_VBZ only_RR 4_MC <reg> hours_NNT2 </reg> 30_MC minutes_NNT2 !_!

When_RRQ trains_NN2 first_MD ran_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT way_NN1 of_IO controlling_VVG the_AT numbers_NN2 of_IO passengers_NN2 trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI on_II them_PPHO2 ._. They_PPHS2 could_VM not_XX run_VVI at_II set_JJ times_NNT2 ._. A_AT1 bell_NN1 was_VBDZ rung_VVN 5_MC minutes_NNT2 before_II the_AT train_NN1 was_VBDZ due_JJ to_TO leave_VVI ._. Later_JJR guards_NN2 <sic> has_VHZ </sic> a_AT1 whistle_NN1 to_TO blow_VVI to_TO tell_VVI people_NN when_CS the_AT train_NN1 was_VBDZ ready_JJ to_TO leave_VVI ._.

There_EX were_VBDR n't_XX any_DD printed_JJ tickets_NN2 at_RR21 first_RR22 and_CC people_NN had_VHD to_TO book_NN1 with_IW the_AT booking_NN1 clerk_NN1 who_PNQS wrote_VVD out_RP paper_NN1 tickets_NN2 and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 seating_NN1 plan_NN1 ._. The_AT first_MD commuter_NN1 tickets_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN in_II 1842_MC ,_, when_RRQ a_AT1 man_NN1 wanting_VVG to_TO make_VVI six_MC trips_NN2 in_II one_MC1 week_NNT1 was_VBDZ allowed_VVN one_MC1 third_MD off_II the_AT normal_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO the_AT journeys_NN2 ._.

By_II 1836_MC twelve_MC trains_NN2 ran_VVD each_DD1 way_NN1 every_AT1 day_NNT1 from_II Manchester_NP1 to_II Liverpool_NP1 ._. Trains_NN2 were_VBDR eight_MC first_MD or_CC second_MD class_NN1 ._. Four_MC of_IO these_DD2 daily_JJ trips_NN2 were_VBDR first_MD class_NN1 ._. A_AT1 third_MD class_NN1 service_NN1 was_VBDZ <sic> in_II </sic> introduced_JJ in_II 1840_MC ._. Trains_NN2 only_RR travelled_VVN at_II about_RG 17_MC miles_NNU2 per_II hour_NNT1 for_IF safety_NN1 reasons_NN2 ._. First_MD class_NN1 journeys_NN2 took_VVD less_DAR time_NNT1 than_CSN second_MD class_NN1 ones_NN2 ._. It_PPH1 took_VVD 80_MC minutes_NNT2 to_TO travel_VVI from_II Manchester_NP1 to_II Liverpool_NP1 as_II a_AT1 first_MD class_NN1 passenger_NN1 ._.

The_AT first_MD timetables_NN2 were_VBDR lists_NN2 of_IO departure_NN1 times_NNT2 from_II each_DD1 terminus_NN1 ._. Passengers_NN2 who_PNQS got_VVD on_II the_AT train_NN1 part_NN1 way_NN1 along_II the_AT route_NN1 had_VHD to_TO work_VVI out_RP their_APPGE own_DA times_NNT2 for_IF departure_NN1 ._. When_CS a_AT1 timetable_NN1 was_VBDZ published_VVN there_RL was_VBDZ no_AT guarantee_NN1 that_CST the_AT train_NN1 would_VM run_VVI on_II time_NNT1 ._.

As_CSA more_DAR and_CC more_DAR people_NN wanted_VVD to_TO travel_VVI by_II train_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 took_VVD too_RG long_JJ to_TO write_VVI out_RP all_DB the_AT tickets_NN2 by_II hand_NN1 ._. A_AT1 pre-printed_JJ cardboard_JJ ticket_NN1 was_VBDZ invented_VVN by_II Charles_NP1 Edmondson_NP1 of_IO the_AT Newcastle_NP1 and_CC Carlisle_NP1 Railway_NN1 ._. The_AT ticket_NN1 clerk_NN1 could_VM use_VVI a_AT1 manually_RR operated_VVN date_NN1 stamping_JJ machine_NN1 to_II date_NN1 stamp_VV0 the_AT tickets_NN2 ._. All_DB the_AT tickets_NN2 were_VBDR numbered_VVN in_II a_AT1 series_NN from_II a_AT1 rack_NN1 ._. Each_DD1 station_NN1 office_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 stock_NN1 of_IO pre_II printed_JJ tickets_NN2 for_IF the_AT most_RGT popular_JJ journeys_NN2 ._. People_NN travelling_VVG to_II unusual_JJ destinations_NN2 could_VM have_VHI their_APPGE tickets_NN2 hand_NN1 written_VVN ._. Soon_RR all_DB the_AT other_JJ railway_NN1 companies_NN2 used_VVD cardboard_JJ tickets_NN2 ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR known_VVN as_II "_" Edmondson_NP1 tickets_NN2 "_" ._. Each_DD1 class_NN1 of_IO ticket_NN1 was_VBDZ printed_VVN in_II a_AT1 different_JJ coloured_JJ card_NN1 ._.

Regular_JJ passenger_NN1 services_NN2 were_VBDR advertised_VVN in_II local_JJ newspapers_NN2 ._. Special_JJ <reg> cheap_JJ </reg> day_NNT1 trips_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR advertised_VVN this_DD1 way_NN1 ._. As_CSA services_NN2 became_VVD more_RGR complicated_JJ ,_, each_DD1 railway_NN1 company_NN1 advertised_VVD train_NN1 times_NNT2 with_IW posters_NN2 stuck_VVN on_II the_AT station_NN1 walls_NN2 ._. Smaller_JJR versions_NN2 were_VBDR printed_VVN and_CC given_VVN out_RP to_II people_NN ._. In_II 1838_MC George_NP1 Bradshaw_NP1 made_VVD the_AT first_MD national_JJ railway_NN1 timetable_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ called_VVN the_AT Bradshaw_NP1 Guide_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ published_VVN until_II 1961_MC ._. Today_RT the_AT railway_NN1 networks_NN2 produce_VV0 their_APPGE own_DA small_JJ timetables_NN2 for_IF different_JJ routes_NN2 and_CC regions_NN2 ._. I_PPIS1 have_VH0 included_VVN some_DD timetables_NN2 in_II a_AT1 plastic_NN1 wallet_NN1 ._. Railway_NN1 stations_NN2 <reg> rely_VV0 </reg> on_II using_VVG computerised_JJ timetables_NN2 as_II31 well_II32 as_II33 books_NN2 ._. There_EX is_VBZ even_RR a_AT1 talking_JJ railway_NN1 timetable_NN1 which_DDQ people_NN can_VM telephone_VVI to_TO find_VVI out_RP train_NN1 times_NNT2 ._.

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These_DD2 are_VBR examples_NN2 of_IO modern_JJ day_NNT1 <sic> time_NNT1 tables_NN2 </sic> and_CC tickets_NN2 ._.

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These_DD2 are_VBR examples_NN2 of_IO modern_JJ day_NNT1 <sic> time_NNT1 tables_NN2 </sic> and_CC tickets_NN2 ._.

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These_DD2 are_VBR examples_NN2 of_IO modern_JJ day_NNT1 <sic> time_NNT1 tables_NN2 </sic> and_CC tickets_NN2 ._.

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These_DD2 are_VBR examples_NN2 of_IO modern_JJ day_NNT1 <sic> time_NNT1 tables_NN2 </sic> and_CC tickets_NN2 ._.

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Stephenson_NP1 's_GE Rocket_NN1 ._.

Robert_NP1 Stephenson_NP1 's_GE Original_JJ Rocket_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN in_II 1829_MC ._. It_PPH1 won_VVD the_AT Rainfall_NN1 Trials_NN2 for_IF the_AT best_JJT steam_NN1 locomotive_NN1 ._. 5_MC locomotives_NN2 entered_VVD the_AT trails_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR from_II Liverpool_NP1 to_II Manchester_NP1 station_NN1 ._. That_DD1 was_VBDZ 70_MC miles_NNU2 or_CC 112km_NNU ,_, but_CCB only_RR three_MC locomotives_NN2 turned_VVD up_RP ._. The_AT first_MD one_PN1 had_VHD boiler_NN1 problems_NN2 and_CC the_AT second_MD de-railed_VVD ._. Then_RT it_PPH1 was_VBDZ Stephenson_NP1 's_GE Rocket_NN1 's_GE turn_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 raced_VVD around_II the_AT track_NN1 no_AT problem_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 reaching_VVG speeds_NN2 of_IO 15_MC miles_NNU2 an_AT1 hour_NNT1 ._.

It_PPH1 ran_VVD on_II short_JJ iron_NN1 rails_NN2 with_IW stone_NN1 supports_NN2 ._. Stephenson_NP1 also_RR developed_JJ grips_NN2 for_IF the_AT rails_NN2 called_VVN chairs_NN2 and_CC the_AT rails_NN2 actually_RR do_VD0 what_DDQ the_AT name_NN1 says_VVZ ._. The_AT rails_NN2 sit_VV0 in_II the_AT chairs_NN2 ._. The_AT Rocket_NN1 and_CC other_JJ steam_NN1 trains_NN2 had_VHD fire_NN1 boxes_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 water_NN1 barrel_NN1 ._. The_AT heat_NN1 from_II the_AT boiler_NN1 makes_VVZ the_AT water_NN1 turn_NN1 into_II steam_NN1 which_DDQ drives_VVZ the_AT piston_NN1 back_NN1 and_CC forth_RR using_VVG a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO valves_NN2 to_TO control_VVI the_AT flow_NN1 of_IO the_AT steam_NN1 ._. This_DD1 in_II turn_NN1 drove_VVD a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO connected_JJ rods_NN2 and_CC cranks_NN2 so_RR turning_VVG the_AT wheels_NN2 either_RR backwards_RL or_CC forwards_RL ._.

The_AT original_JJ Rocket_NN1 weighed_VVD seven_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_NN1 tone_NN1 ._. Of_IO this_DD1 ,_, the_AT engine_NN1 weighed_VVD four_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_RR tons_NNU2 ._. The_AT diameter_NN1 of_IO the_AT driving_JJ wheel_NN1 is_VBZ 4_MC feet_NN2 8.5_MC inches_NNU2 ,_, with_IW two_MC cylinders_NN2 that_CST at_II 17_MC "_" long_JJ and_CC 8_MC "_" in_II diameter_NN1 ._. Also_RR the_AT pressure_NN1 of_IO the_AT boiler_NN1 is_VBZ 50_MC lbs_NNU2 per_II square_JJ inch_NNU1 and_CC it_PPH1 goes_VVZ up_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 maximum_JJ speed_NN1 of_IO 30_MC miles_NNU2 an_AT1 hour_NNT1 ._.

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American_JJ 4-4-0_MCMC ._.

The_AT railway_NN1 was_VBDZ vital_JJ to_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO North_NP1 America_NP1 ._. The_AT most_RGT common_JJ locomotive_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT 4-4-0_MCMC ._. By_II 1870_MC 85%_NNU of_IO all_DB locomotives_NN2 used_VVN in_II America_NP1 were_VBDR of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 ._. They_PPHS2 had_VHD distinctive_JJ chimneys_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR shaped_VVN like_II a_AT1 balloon_NN1 ._. These_DD2 chimneys_NN2 were_VBDR designed_VVN to_TO catch_VVI sparks_NN2 from_II the_AT wood_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 burned_VVD for_IF fuel_NN1 ._. The_AT 4-4-0_MCMC was_VBDZ also_RR used_VVN in_II other_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, but_CCB because_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR so_RG popular_JJ in_II America_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR known_VVN as_II "_" Americans_NN2 "_" ._.

The_AT railways_NN2 in_II America_NP1 were_VBDR not_XX usually_RR fenced_VVN off_RP even_CS21 when_CS22 they_PPHS2 ran_VVD through_II large_JJ towns_NN2 and_CC cities_NN2 ._. In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO warn_VVI people_NN that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR coming_VVG ,_, a_AT1 large_JJ headlight_NN1 was_VBDZ fixed_VVN to_II the_AT front_NN1 ._. American_JJ trains_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR fitted_VVN with_IW a_AT1 large_JJ cowcatcher_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 <sic> any_DD thing_NN1 </sic> on_II the_AT tracks_NN2 could_VM easily_RR be_VBI pushed_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT train_NN1 's_GE way_NN1 ._. In_II 1835_MC a_AT1 law_NN1 was_VBDZ passed_VVN in_II Massachusetts_NP1 State_NN1 which_DDQ required_VVD all_DB trains_NN2 to_TO be_VBI fitted_VVN with_IW warning_NN1 bells_NN2 ._. Many_DA2 American_JJ railroads_NN2 had_VHD sharp_JJ curves_NN2 ._. American_JJ designers_NN2 made_VVD a_AT1 four-wheeled_JJ truck_NN1 or_CC bogie_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO swivel_VVI from_II side_NN1 to_II side_NN1 ._. This_DD1 meant_VVD that_CST the_AT engines_NN2 could_VM safely_RR move_VVI along_II the_AT twisted_JJ tracks_NN2 and_CC bends_NN2 ._.

From_II the_AT <reg desc="uncertain"> 1840_MC221 's_MC222 </reg> <reg> onwards_RL </reg> ,_, most_RGT American_JJ <reg desc="uncertain"> 4-4-0_MCMC 's_GE </reg> were_VBDR fitted_VVN with_IW an_AT1 enclosed_JJ cab_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI the_AT driver_NN1 with_IW shelter_NN1 ._. British_JJ drivers_NN2 did_VDD not_XX like_VVI covered_VVN in_II cabs_NN2 and_CC asked_VVD for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI removed_VVN !_! The_AT General_NN1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT famous_JJ 4-4-0s_MC2 ._. During_II the_AT Civil_JJ War_NN1 in_II America_NP1 in_II 1862_MC ,_, the_AT engine_NN1 was_VBDZ captured_VVN and_CC driven_JJ north_ND1 for_IF 140_MC Km_NNU ._. It_PPH1 ran_VVD out_II21 of_II22 fuel_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ recaptured_VVN by_II some_DD other_JJ soldiers_NN2 who_PNQS used_VVD it_PPH1 to_TO chase_VVI another_DD1 4-4-0_MCMC called_VVN Texas_NP1 ._. Eventually_RR the_AT General_NN1 got_VVD so_RG hot_JJ that_CST all_DB the_AT brass_NN1 parts_NN2 on_II the_AT engine_NN1 melted_VVD ._.

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Stirling_NP1 "_" Single_NN1 "_"

The_AT locomotive_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN by_II Patrick_NP1 Stirling_NP1 ,_, the_AT head_NN1 designer_NN1 of_IO the_AT great_JJ Northern_JJ Railway_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 first_MD shunted_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT company_NN1 's_GE factory_NN1 in_II Doncaster_NP1 in_II 1870_MC ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR built_VVN between_II 1870_MC and_CC 1893._MC 47_MC of_IO the_AT last_MD class_NN1 were_VBDR built_VVN ,_, the_AT most_RGT famous_JJ of_IO them_PPHO2 being_VBG the_AT number_NN1 one_MC1 ._. Stirling_NP1 's_GE were_VBDR very_RG attractive_JJ engines_NN2 with_IW bright_JJ green_JJ paint_NN1 work_NN1 and_CC polished_JJ brass_NN1 work_NN1 ._. <reg> Their_APPGE </reg> most_RGT noticeable_JJ <reg> feature_NN1 </reg> being_VBG <reg> their_APPGE </reg> huge_JJ 2.4_MC meter_NN1 driving_JJ wheel_NN1 ._. These_DD2 driving_JJ <reg> wheels_NN2 </reg> enabled_VVD the_AT engines_NN2 to_TO reach_VVI high_JJ speeds_NN2 ._. The_AT Whyte_NP1 notation_NN1 for_IF the_AT Stirling_NP1 is_VBZ 4-2-2s_NN2 ._.

In_II 1857_MC the_AT first_MD steel_NN1 rails_NN2 were_VBDR laid_VVN at_II Derby_NP1 Station_NN1 ._. Iron_NN1 rails_NN2 would_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN strong_JJ enough_RR to_TO hold_VVI the_AT heavy_JJ Stirling_NP1 engines_NN2 ._. The_AT splashers_NN2 on_II the_AT early_JJ model_NN1 were_VBDR attractively_RR slotted_VVN ._. Later_JJR models_NN2 had_VHD them_PPHO2 closed_VVN in_RP ._. When_CS the_AT driver_NN1 wished_VVD to_TO stop_VVI the_AT engine_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 pulled_VVD a_AT1 brake_NN1 lever_NN1 which_DDQ created_VVD a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 in_II the_AT brake_NN1 pipe_NN1 ._. This_DD1 pushed_VVD the_AT brake_NN1 shoes_NN2 on_II21 to_II22 the_AT wheels_NN2 and_CC stopped_VVD the_AT train_NN1 ._.

Until_CS 1882_MC passengers_NN2 getting_VVG on_II a_AT1 train_NN1 ,_, had_VHD to_TO stay_VVI in_II the_AT same_DA compartment_NN1 until_CS it_PPH1 stopped_VVD ._. They_PPHS2 could_VM not_XX move_VVI from_II one_MC1 compartment_NN1 to_II <reg> another_DD1 </reg> ._. In_II 1882_MC carriages_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN with_IW a_AT1 side_NN1 corridor_NN1 ._. At_II each_DD1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT corridor_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 toilet_NN1 ,_, strictly_RR one_MC1 for_IF ladies_NN2 at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 and_CC one_PN1 for_IF men_NN2 at_II the_AT other_JJ ._.

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The_AT picture_NN1 on_II the_AT previous_JJ page_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT earliest_JJT examples_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 Stirling_NP1 Single_JJ engine_NN1 4-2-2-_NN1 configuration_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT Great_JJ Northern_JJ Railways_NN2 no.1_FO built_VVN in_II 1870_MC and_CC retired_VVD in_II 1907_MC having_VHG travelled_VVN 1,404,663_MC miles_NNU2 in_II its_APPGE life_NN1 and_CC the_AT first_MD in_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO 53_MC built_VVD ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 express_JJ passenger_NN1 tender_NN1 which_DDQ travelled_VVD along_II the_AT East_ND1 coast_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT oldest_JJT front_JJ bogie_NN1 loco_NN1 in_II Great_NP1 Britain_NP1 and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 driving_JJ wheel_NN1 of_IO 8_MC feet_NN2 1_MC1 inch_NNU1 diameter_NN1 and_CC could_VM maintain_VVI a_AT1 speed_NN1 of_IO some_DD 75_MC <reg> miles_NNU2 per_II </reg> hour_NNT1 ._. Below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 pencil_NN1 drawing_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 early_JJ engine_NN1 ._.

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Crampton_NP1 Locomotives_NN2 ._.

Crampton_NP1 locomotives_NN2 were_VBDR named_VVN after_II the_AT person_NN1 <sic> which_DDQ </sic> designed_VVD them_PPHO2 in_II 1842_MC ,_, Mr_NNB Thomas_NP1 Crampton_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS lived_VVD between_II 1816_MC and_CC 1888_MC went_VVD to_II Belgium_NP1 to_TO begin_VVI work_NN1 on_II the_AT steam_NN1 trains_VVZ that_CST bear_VV0 his_APPGE name_NN1 ._. The_AT engines_NN2 had_VHD their_APPGE great_JJ driving_JJ wheel_NN1 built_VVN behind_II the_AT fire_NN1 box_NN1 ._. The_AT boiler_NN1 was_VBDZ mounted_VVN lower_RRR than_CSN normal_JJ so_CS the_AT lower_JJR centre_NN1 of_IO gravity_NN1 made_VVD the_AT locomotives_NN2 run_VVN more_RGR smoothly_RR ._.

Crampton_NP1 No._NN1 122_MC was_VBDZ built_VVN in_II France_NP1 seven_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ._. The_AT first_MD express_JJ journey_NN1 took_VVD five_MC hours_NNT2 from_II Paris_NP1 to_II Calais_NP1 ._. 320_MC engines_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN and_CC mainly_RR used_VVN in_II France_NP1 and_CC Germany_NP1 ._. Cramptons_NP2 were_VBDR used_VVN in_II France_NP1 for_IF more_RR21 than_RR22 40_MC years_NNT2 to_TO pull_VVI light_JJ express_JJ trains_NN2 ._.

Crampton_NP1 engines_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 2-2-2-0_MCMC wheel_NN1 arrangement_NN1 ._. This_DD1 means_VVZ that_CST there_EX were_VBDR two_MC pairs_NN2 of_IO leading_JJ wheels_NN2 ,_, two_MC large_JJ driving_JJ wheels_NN2 ,_, and_CC no_AT trailing_JJ wheels_NN2 ._. Describing_VVG a_AT1 locomotive_NN1 in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 is_VBZ called_VVN the_AT Whyte_NP1 notation_NN1 ._.

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Tank_NN1 Engine_NN1 ._.

Tank_NN1 engines_NN2 were_VBDR designed_VVN for_IF pulling_VVG light_NN1 trains_VVZ a_AT1 short_JJ distance_NN1 ._. Tank_NN1 engines_NN2 carried_VVD their_APPGE water_NN1 and_CC coal_NN1 <reg> inside_II </reg> them_PPHO2 ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR most_RGT popular_JJ in_II Britain_NP1 ._. The_AT super_JJ locomotive_NN1 pulled_VVD trains_NN2 in_II India_NP1 ._. Just_RR21 about_RR22 all_DB tank_NN1 engines_NN2 hold_VV0 their_APPGE water_NN1 in_II tanks_NN2 stuck_VVN on_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 or_CC hanging_VVG over_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. On_II later_JJR ones_NN2 it_PPH1 looked_VVD a_RR21 bit_RR22 like_II a_AT1 saddle_NN1 bag_NN1 they_PPHS2 called_VVD them_PPHO2 "_" saddle_NN1 tanks_NN2 "_" ._.

8_MC special_JJ tanks_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN in_II England_NP1 to_TO be_VBI used_VVN on_II the_AT Bristol_NP1 and_CC Exeter_NP1 line_NN1 between_II 1853_MC and_CC <sic> 2854_MC </sic> ._. The_AT driving_JJ wheels_NN2 on_II them_PPHO2 were_VBDR 2.7_MC meters_NN2 (_( 9_MC foot_NN1 )_) in_II diameter_NN1 -_- the_AT biggest_JJT driving_JJ wheel_NN1 that_CST ever_RR successfully_RR <sic> use_VV0 </sic> on_II a_AT1 train_NN1 ._. In_II 1907_MC large_JJ tank_NN1 engines_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN for_IF England_NP1 's_GE Great_JJ Central_JJ Railway_NN1 ._. They_PPHS2 had_VHD a_AT1 3_MC cylinder_NN1 0-8-4_MCMC notation_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR used_VVN for_IF shunting_VVG freight_NN1 wagons_NN2 ._.

The_AT London_NP1 <reg> underground_RL </reg> was_VBDZ opened_VVN in_II 1863_MC and_CC the_AT trains_NN2 were_VBDR pulled_VVN by_II 4-4-0_MCMC tank_NN1 engines_NN2 ._. The_AT trains_NN2 modified_VVD <reg> their_APPGE </reg> exhaust_NN1 steam_NN1 <sic> in_RP to_II </sic> liquid_NN1 and_CC put_VV0 it_PPH1 back_RP in_II the_AT boiler_NN1 to_TO prevent_VVI the_AT tunnels_NN2 being_VBG flooded_VVN with_IW steam_NN1 ._.

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In_II 1945_MC a_AT1 man_NN1 called_VVD Reverend_NNB W._NP1 Awdry_NP1 wrote_VVD a_AT1 series_NN of_IO books_NN2 about_II a_AT1 tank_NN1 engine_NN1 called_VVN Thomas_NP1 ._. These_DD2 books_NN2 are_VBR still_RR very_RG popular_JJ and_CC tell_VV0 stories_NN2 about_II the_AT adventures_NN2 of_IO Thomas_NP1 and_CC other_JJ types_NN2 of_IO engines_NN2 ._. I_PPIS1 have_VH0 read_VVN lots_PN of_IO these_DD2 books_NN2 and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 video_NN1 of_IO the_AT stories_NN2 ._.

My_APPGE first_MD toy_NN1 railway_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 clockwork_NN1 Thomas_NP1 train_NN1 set_NN1 ._.

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Heavy_JJ Freight_NN1 ._.

America_NP1 developed_VVD very_RG big_JJ engines_NN2 to_TO carry_VVI heavy_JJ goods_NN2 and_CC large_JJ passenger_NN1 trains_VVZ great_JJ distances_NN2 ._. In_II 1926_MC Union_NP1 Pacific_NP1 made_VVD the_AT 4-12-2_MCMC class_NN1 ._. These_DD2 engines_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT largest_JJT three-cylinder_JJ non-articulated_JJ engines_NN2 ever_RR built_VVN ._.

Valve_NN1 gears_NN2 allow_VV0 the_AT valves_NN2 which_DDQ let_VV0 the_AT steam_NN1 into_II and_CC out_II21 of_II22 the_AT cylinder_NN1 to_TO move_VVI at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 as_CSA the_AT pistons_NN2 ._. The_AT Holcroft/Gresley_NN1 valve_NN1 gear_NN1 was_VBDZ fitted_VVN to_II the_AT middle_JJ cylinder_NN1 of_IO the_AT 4-12-2_MCMC engines_NN2 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN by_II Sir_NNB <reg> Nigel_NP1 </reg> Gresley_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 British_JJ engineer_NN1 ._. A_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 88_MC of_IO these_DD2 enormous_JJ engines_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN ._. Number_NN1 9000_MC was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD 4-12-2_MCMC engine_NN1 built_VVD ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ tested_VVN on_II a_AT1 track_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 steep_JJ gradient_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 ran_VVD faster_RRR and_CC used_VVD less_DAR fuel_NN1 than_CSN the_AT articulated_JJ 2-8-8-0_MCMC engines_NN2 ._.

The_AT 4-12-2_MCMC engines_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 device_NN1 fitted_VVN to_II the_AT front_NN1 and_CC rear_JJ driving_JJ wheels_NN2 which_DDQ allowed_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO move_VVI from_II side_NN1 to_II side_NN1 ._. This_DD1 device_NN1 plus_II two_MC bogies_NN2 fitted_VVN with_IW carrying_VVG wheels_NN2 meant_VVD that_CST the_AT engines_NN2 could_VM go_VVI round_RP sharp_JJ bends_NN2 ._.

The_AT 4-12-2_MCMC ,_, like_II most_DAT steam_NN1 locomotives_NN2 was_VBDZ fitted_VVN with_IW a_AT1 fireproof_JJ brick_NN1 arch_NN1 at_II the_AT front_NN1 of_IO the_AT firebox_NN1 ._. This_DD1 made_VVD the_AT coals_NN2 burn_VVI at_II their_APPGE hottest_JJT and_CC reduced_VVD the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO smoke_NN1 produced_VVD ._. By_II 1913_MC ,_, many_DA2 of_IO the_AT large_JJ coal_NN1 tenders_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 steam_NN1 coal_NN1 push_NN1 fitted_VVN ._. This_DD1 made_VVD the_AT fireman_NN1 's_GE job_NN1 much_RR easier_RRR ._.

Two_MC different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO tender_NN1 could_VM be_VBI fitted_VVN to_II the_AT 4-12-2_MCMC 's_GE ._. The_AT prototype_NN1 9000_MC had_VHD two_MC sets_NN2 of_IO six_MC wheels_NN2 on_II separate_JJ bogies_NN2 ._. Later_RRR 4-12-2_MCMC tenders_NN2 had_VHD two_MC four_MC wheeled_JJ bogies_NN2 ._. The_AT larger_JJR one_PN1 held_VVD 68,250_MC litres_NNU2 of_IO water_NN1 <sic> ._. </sic> and_CC 21.42_MC tonnes_NNU2 of_IO coal_NN1 ._.

Big_JJ Boy_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT largest_JJT Union_NP1 Pacific_NP1 engine_NN1 ever_RR built_VVN ._.

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Pacific_NP1 Engines_NN2 ._.

In_II 1902_MC the_AT Missouri_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Railway_NN1 built_VVD the_AT first_MD 4-6-2_MCMC locomotive_NN1 ._. Sir_NNB Nigel_NP1 Gresley_NP1 built_VVD the_AT first_MD one_PN1 in_II Britain_NP1 in_II 1922_MC when_RRQ he_PPHS1 made_VVD the_AT A1_FO for_IF the_AT Great_JJ Northern_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT London_NP1 and_CC North-Eastern_JJ Railway_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 later_RRR became_VVD ._. The_AT third_MD of_IO these_DD2 Pacific_NP1 engines_NN2 was_VBDZ called_VVN the_AT Flying_JJ Scotsman_NN1 ._. The_AT A1_FO ,_, A3_FO and_CC A4_FO Pacifics_NP2 all_DB became_VVD famous_JJ engines_NN2 ._. The_AT Flying_JJ Scotsman_NN1 could_VM travel_VVI non-stop_RR from_II London_NP1 to_II Edinburgh_NP1 (_( 633km_NNU )_) ._. It_PPH1 did_VDD this_DD1 by_II having_VHG an_AT1 extra_JJ crew_NN1 on_RL21 board_RL22 ._.

From_II 1910_MC firetube_NN1 superheaters_NN2 were_VBDR fitted_VVN to_II most_DAT large_JJ locomotives_NN2 ._. The_AT temperature_NN1 and_CC volume_NN1 of_IO the_AT steam_NN1 were_VBDR increased_VVN by_II superheating_VVG ._. This_DD1 made_VVD the_AT engine_NN1 work_NN1 more_RGR efficiently_RR ._. Sir_NNB Nigel_NP1 Gresley_NP1 also_RR make_VV0 higher_JJR pressure_NN1 boilers_NN2 ._. These_DD2 were_VBDR fitted_VVN to_II the_AT A3_FO Gresley_NP1 Pacific_NP1 engines_NN2 ._.

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Rack_VV0 Locomotives_NN2 ._.

Early_JJ trains_NN2 could_VM not_XX cope_VVI with_IW steep_JJ slopes_NN2 ._. In_II 1830_MC a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO horizontal_JJ wheels_NN2 were_VBDR fitted_VVN to_II an_AT1 engine_NN1 ._. These_DD2 wheels_NN2 could_VM grip_VVI a_AT1 rail_NN1 running_VVG along_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT track_NN1 ._. This_DD1 was_VBDZ Known_VVN as_II a_AT1 Rack_NN1 railway_NN1 ._. The_AT rack_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT central_JJ rail_NN1 which_DDQ holds_VVZ a_AT1 toothed_JJ wheel_NN1 (_( pinion_NN1 )_) fitted_VVN to_II the_AT underside_NN1 of_IO the_AT engine_NN1 ._.

In_II 1882_MC Roman_JJ Abt_NN1 invented_VVD his_APPGE famous_JJ rack_NN1 rail_NN1 system_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ used_VVN by_II 70%_NNU of_IO all_DB rack_VV0 railways_NN2 ._. He_PPHS1 used_VVD parallel_RR toothed_JJ rails_NN2 with_IW the_AT teeth_NN2 of_IO one_MC1 rail_NN1 opposite_II the_AT gaps_NN2 in_II the_AT other_JJ and_CC a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO pinions_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE teeth_NN2 staggered_VVD to_TO match_VVI ._. Pinion_NN1 wheels_NN2 are_VBR covered_VVN all_DB round_II the_AT edge_NN1 in_II little_JJ <reg> grooves_NN2 </reg> which_DDQ catch_VV0 into_II little_JJ <reg> grooves_NN2 </reg> on_II the_AT middle_JJ line_NN1 of_IO track_NN1 the_AT train_NN1 literally_RR distends_VVZ up_II the_AT track_NN1 ._. This_DD1 stops_VVZ the_AT engine_NN1 sliding_VVG backwards_RL ._. Some_DD mountains_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 railway_NN1 <note desc="no punctuation"> in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 a_AT1 pinion_NN1 railway_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO stop_VVI the_AT train_NN1 sliding_VVG all_DB the_AT way_NN1 back_RP down_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO the_AT mountain_NN1 or_CC just_RR down_II the_AT side_NN1 the_AT mountain_NN1 ._. On_II mountains_NN2 that_DD1 are_VB0 nt_XX very_RG steep_JJ the_AT engine_NN1 goes_VVZ at_II the_AT front_NN1 of_IO the_AT train_NN1 but_CCB on_II steep_JJ mountains_NN2 the_AT train_NN1 goes_VVZ on_II the_AT <downhill_FO <reg> side_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI the_AT carriages_NN2 running_VVG away_RL with_IW it_PPH1 's_VBZ excellent_JJ brakes_NN2 ._. Braking_NP1 is_VBZ very_RG important_JJ on_II mountains_NN2 so_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR especially_RR equipped_VVN with_IW standard_JJ locomotive_NN1 brakes_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 band_NN1 brake_NN1 on_II a_AT1 drum_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ carried_VVN on_RP a_AT1 shaft_NN1 driving_VVG the_AT pinion_NN1 ._. The_AT steel_NN1 band_NN1 around_II the_AT drum_NN1 is_VBZ tightened_VVN by_II moving_VVG a_AT1 hand_NN1 wheel_NN1 on_II the_AT foot_NN1 plate_NN1 ._.

Mountain_NN1 railway_NN1 locomotives_NN2 have_VH0 angled_VVN boilers_NN2 to_TO prevent_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II exploding_VVG ._. The_AT passenger_NN1 seats_NN2 are_VBR set_VVN at_II angles_NN2 and_CC the_AT bottoms_NN2 of_IO the_AT carriages_NN2 on_II mountain_NN1 railways_NN2 are_VBR angled_VVN to_TO stop_VVI people_NN facing_VVG down_II hill_NN1 from_II falling_VVG off_RP their_APPGE seats_NN2 ._.

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Last_MD year_NNT1 I_PPIS1 visited_VVD Snowdon_NP1 <note desc="no punctuation"> I_PPIS1 went_VVD up_RP in_II the_AT train_NN1 which_DDQ happens_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 Rack_NN1 locomotive_NN1 But_CCB The_AT train_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR allowed_VVN to_TO take_VVI us_PPIO2 to_II Rocky_NP1 Valley_NN1 so_CS we_PPIS2 just_RR walked_VVD down_RP from_II there_RL <note desc="no punctuation"> there_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 leaflet_NN1 on_II it_PPH1 below_RL ._.

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ELECTRO-DIESEL_NN1 ._.

The_AT first_MD train_NN1 to_TO use_VVI electricity_NN1 ran_VVD in_II 1842._MC 70_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR the_AT first_MD diesel_NN1 engines_NN2 ran_VVD ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR more_RGR efficient_JJ than_CSN steam_NN1 engines_NN2 ._. The_AT class_NN1 73_MC electro-diesel_JJ first_MD ran_VVD on_II British_JJ railways_NN2 in_II 1972_MC ,_, though_CS the_AT first_MD train_NN1 to_TO use_VVI diesel_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 1000_MC hp_NNU Klose-Sulzer_NP1 unit_NN1 in_II Germany_NP1 but_CCB this_DD1 only_RR ran_VVD for_IF a_AT1 few_DA2 months_NNT2 in_II 1912-1913_MCMC ._. The_AT first_MD 'production'_JJ models_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN by_II Sulzer_NP1 in_II 1914_MC for_IF the_AT Prussian_JJ and_CC Saxon_JJ State_NN1 Railways_NN2 in_II Switzerland_NP1 ._.

The_AT difference_NN1 between_II diesel_NN1 and_CC electric_JJ trains_NN2 is_VBZ that_DD1 diesel-electric_JJ trains_NN2 use_VV0 diesel_NN1 engines_NN2 to_TO generate_VVI electricity_NN1 and_CC power_NN1 motors_VVZ that_CST turn_VV0 wheels_NN2 ;_; whereas_CS electric_JJ trains_NN2 run_VVN on_II electricity_NN1 picked_VVD up_RP from_II overhead_JJ cables_NN2 or_CC a_AT1 third_MD rail_NN1 on_II the_AT track_NN1 ._. Electro_JJ diesels_NN2 can_VM generate_VVI their_APPGE own_DA electricity_NN1 where_CS no_AT <reg> third_MD </reg> rail_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ ._. Electricity_NN1 flows_VVZ from_II the_AT live_JJ rail_NN1 to_II a_AT1 transformer_NN1 where_RRQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ converted_VVN to_II the_AT right_JJ voltage_NN1 for_IF the_AT locomotive_NN1 to_TO use_VVI ._. The_AT current_JJ flows_NN2 to_II traction_NN1 motors_NN2 which_DDQ turn_VV0 the_AT wheels_NN2 ._. Class_JJ 73s_MC2 work_NN1 on_II 675_MC volts_NNU2 fed_VVN from_II an_AT1 outside_JJ third_MD rail_NN1 ._. A_ZZ1 600hp_NNU diesel_NN1 engine_NN1 generates_VVZ the_AT voltage_NN1 on_II the_AT locomotive_NN1 where_CS no_AT outside_JJ electricity_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ ._.

Class_JJ 73s_MC2 are_VBR painted_VVN yellow_JJ at_II each_DD1 end_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 people_NN working_VVG on_II the_AT track_NN1 can_VM see_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. Drivers_NN2 and_CC guards_NN2 can_VM talk_VVI to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 during_II train_NN1 journeys_NN2 by_II using_VVG an_AT1 intercom_NN1 system_NN1 ._.

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Le_NP1 Shuttle_NP1 ._.

The_AT channel_NN1 tunnel_NN1 opened_VVD in_II 1994_MC between_II Folkestone_NP1 and_CC Calais_NP1 in_II France_NP1 ._. Engineers_NN2 from_II Britain_NP1 and_CC France_NP1 designed_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ train_NN1 to_TO travel_VVI 20_MC times_NNT2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 to_II France_NP1 and_CC back_RP to_II Britain_NP1 carrying_VVG cars_NN2 and_CC lorries_NN2 ._. The_AT Shuttle_NN1 is_VBZ powered_VVN by_II electricity_NN1 which_DDQ it_PPH1 gets_VVZ from_II an_AT1 overhead_JJ wire_NN1 via_II a_AT1 pantograph_NN1 which_DDQ passes_VVZ the_AT power_NN1 to_II a_AT1 small_JJ transformer_NN1 on_II the_AT Shuttle_NN1 and_CC then_RT to_II the_AT main_JJ transformer_NN1 ,_, to_TO convert_VVI the_AT 25_MC kv_NNU of_IO electricity_NN1 to_II <reg> whatever_DDQV </reg> level_NN1 the_AT engines_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO produce_VVI the_AT 7500_MC hp_NNU to_TO drive_VVI the_AT Shuttle_NN1 to_II 145_MC km/h_FO (_( 90_MC mph_NNU )_) ._. The_AT Shuttle_NN1 engine_NN1 is_VBZ 2.9m_NNU wide_JJ and_CC 22m_NNU long_JJ and_CC the_AT total_JJ length_NN1 with_IW carriages_NN2 is_VBZ 750m_NNU ._. The_AT driver_NN1 has_VHZ 4_MC main_JJ controls_NN2 ,_, the_AT selector_NN1 which_DDQ controls_VVZ direction_NN1 ,_, the_AT power_NN1 controller_NN1 that_CST controls_VVZ the_AT speed_NN1 and_CC 2_MC brake_NN1 controls_VVZ the_AT main_JJ brake_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 air_NN1 brake_NN1 ._.

The_AT shuttle_NN1 is_VBZ driven_VVN by_II 2_MC engines_NN2 one_MC1 at_II each_DD1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT train_NN1 as_II the_AT tunnel_NN1 has_VHZ some_DD steep_JJ gradients_NN2 the_AT train_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO negotiate_VVI ._. Also_RR 2_MC engines_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN for_IF safety_NN1 reasons_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 if_CS one_PN1 has_VHZ problems_NN2 the_AT other_NN1 can_VM still_RR complete_VVI the_AT journey_NN1 ._. The_AT shuttle_NN1 also_RR has_VHZ three_MC bogies_NN2 a_AT1 rear_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 leading_JJ bogie_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 bogie_NN1 frame_NN1 ._.

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Mail_NN1 Trains_NN2 ._.

This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 modern_JJ Mail_NN1 train_NN1 in_II the_AT sidings_NN2 at_II York_NP1 station_NN1 taken_VVN from_II the_AT Lady_NNB Nan_NP1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT short_JJ stretch_NN1 of_IO track_NN1 it_PPH1 runs_VVZ on_RP ._.

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Goods_NN2 carriers_NN2 ._.

Railways_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN to_TO transport_VVI a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 like_II <reg> livestock_NN </reg> ,_, milk_NN1 ,_, <reg> meat_NN1 </reg> ,_, oil_NN1 ,_, cars_NN2 ,_, fuel_NN1 and_CC chemicals_NN2 <reg> etc_RA </reg> ._. The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL shows_VVZ a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 trains_VVZ ._.

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Royal_JJ Trains_NN2 &_CC Carriages_NN2 ._.

The_AT Royal_JJ family_NN1 have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA private_JJ trains_NN2 and_CC carriages_NN2 ._. They_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX travel_VVI on_II normal_JJ trains_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 security_NN1 reasons_NN2 and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX of_IO as_RG high_RR a_AT1 standard_NN1 ._. Queen_NNB Victoria_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD reigning_JJ monarch_NN1 to_TO travel_VVI by_II train_NN1 ._. She_PPHS1 travelled_VVD from_II Slough_NP1 to_II London_NP1 in_II 1842_MC ._. All_DB the_AT railway_NN1 companies_NN2 built_VVD carriages_NN2 for_IF the_AT Royal_JJ family_NN1 to_TO use_VVI as_CSA they_PPHS2 travelled_VVD about_II the_AT country_NN1 ._.

The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL shows_VVZ a_AT1 carriage_NN1 built_VVN for_IF Queen_NNB Alexander_NP1 and_CC King_NNB Edward_NP1 in_II 1902_MC ._. The_AT insides_NN2 of_IO the_AT carriages_NN2 were_VBDR very_RG fancy_JJ ._. Special_JJ engines_NN2 were_VBDR kept_VVN to_TO pull_VVI the_AT carriages_NN2 ._.

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Later_JJR carriages_NN2 had_VHD armour_NN1 plating_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI the_AT Royal_JJ family_NN1 ._. The_AT latest_JJT Royal_JJ trains_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN in_II 1977_MC and_CC are_VBR still_RR used_VVN by_II Royalty_NN1 ._. York_NP1 Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT largest_JJT collection_NN1 of_IO royal_JJ trains_NN2 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._.

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York_NP1 Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 ._.

My_APPGE family_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 visited_VVD York_NP1 Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 in_II the_AT half_NN1 term_NN1 and_CC found_VVD out_RP <reg> lots_PN </reg> of_IO helpful_JJ information_NN1 for_IF my_APPGE project_NN1 on_II trains_NN2 ._. There_EX are_VBR lots_PN of_IO things_NN2 to_TO see_VVI in_II the_AT museum_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT great_JJ hall_NN1 <reg> lots_PN </reg> of_IO trains_NN2 facing_VVG inwards_RL to_II a_AT1 big_JJ <sic> turn_NN1 table_NN1 </sic> in_II the_AT centre_NN1 ._. They_PPHS2 also_RR have_VH0 another_DD1 section_NN1 called_VVN <reg> Toys_NN2 </reg> and_CC Trains_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ trains_NN2 and_CC toy_NN1 trains_VVZ like_CS it_PPH1 says_VVZ in_II <reg> its_APPGE </reg> name_NN1 of_IO all_DB sorts_NN2 and_CC ages_NN2 ._. The_AT Great_JJ Hall_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 train_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ been_VBN cut_VVN away_RL to_TO show_VVI how_RRQ the_AT steam_NN1 engine_NN1 works_NN and_CC a_AT1 former_DA engineer_NN1 gave_VVD a_AT1 very_RG interesting_JJ talk_NN1 about_II how_RRQ the_AT steam_NN1 drives_VVZ the_AT train_NN1 and_CC answered_VVD questions_NN2 about_II that_DD1 and_CC other_JJ topics_NN2 about_II trains_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 ._. I_PPIS1 answered_VVD a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE questions_NN2 and_CC after_CS his_APPGE talk_NN1 I_PPIS1 asked_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO answer_VVI my_APPGE questionnaire_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 did_VDD ._. The_AT train_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ talking_VVG about_II was_VBDZ a_AT1 British_JJ Rail_NN1 4-6-2_MCMC passenger_NN1 locomotive_NN1 no_AT 35029_MC Ellerman_NN1 Lines_NN2 which_DDQ was_VBDZ built_VVN in_II 1949_MC and_CC was_VBDZ withdrawn_VVN in_II 1966_MC ._. We_PPIS2 could_VM see_VVI the_AT boiler_NN1 with_IW the_AT water_NN1 pipes_NN2 on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 the_AT main_JJ chamber_NN1 and_CC the_AT fire_NN1 grate_NN1 at_II the_AT bottom_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD to_TO be_VBI kicked_VVN open_RR using_VVG a_AT1 pedal_NN1 in_II the_AT cab_NN1 to_TO shake_VVI out_RP ash_NN1 and_CC clinker_NN1 ._. The_AT boiler_NN1 had_VHD to_TO reach_VVI a_AT1 temperature_NN1 of_IO something_PN1 like_II 800_MC degrees_NN2 to_TO work_VVI properly_RR and_CC it_PPH1 took_VVD about_RG 8_MC hours_NNT2 for_IF it_PPH1 to_TO reach_VVI this_DD1 from_II cold_NN1 ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 would_VM run_VVI for_IF about_RG 14_MC hours_NNT2 before_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ allowed_VVN to_TO cool_VVI and_CC then_RT be_VBI thoroughly_RR cleaned_VVN out_RP to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 last_MD ._. The_AT water_NN1 in_II the_AT pipes_NN2 was_VBDZ heated_VVN and_CC then_RT super_JJ heated_JJ which_DDQ makes_VVZ it_PPH1 work_VVI more_RGR efficiently_RR ._. The_AT steam_NN1 then_RT went_VVD into_II a_AT1 cylinder_NN1 and_CC the_AT steam_NN1 expands_VVZ going_VVG into_II the_AT cylinder_NN1 and_CC the_AT energy_NN1 released_VVN by_II this_DD1 expansion_NN1 pushes_VVZ the_AT piston_NN1 back_NN1 and_CC then_RT another_DD1 valve_NN1 is_VBZ opened_VVN which_DDQ lets_VVZ the_AT steam_NN1 into_II the_AT cylinder_NN1 from_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 and_CC pushes_VVZ the_AT piston_NN1 back_NN1 and_CC the_AT steam_NN1 out_RP ._. The_AT piston_NN1 is_VBZ then_RT connected_VVN to_II the_AT driving_JJ wheels_NN2 which_DDQ make_VV0 the_AT train_NN1 go_VVI forwards_RL ._. Someone_PN1 asked_VVD the_AT engineer_NN1 how_RRQ the_AT train_NN1 went_VVD backwards_RL and_CC he_PPHS1 said_VVD that_CST in_II the_AT <reg> driver_NN1 's_GE </reg> cab_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 drum_NN1 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 turns_VVZ and_CC that_DD1 moves_VVZ a_AT1 rod_NN1 that_CST then_RT makes_VVZ the_AT valves_NN2 work_VVI in_II the_AT opposite_JJ order_NN1 and_CC so_RR turns_VVZ the_AT wheels_NN2 in_II the_AT other_JJ direction_NN1 ._.

This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX an_AT1 easy_JJ task_NN1 just_RR turning_VVG the_AT drum_NN1 to_TO make_VVI the_AT wheel_NN1 go_VVI backwards_RL ,_, you_PPY have_VH0 to_TO turn_VVI the_AT drum_NN1 at_II a_AT1 certain_JJ point_NN1 of_IO the_AT driving_JJ <reg desc="uncertain"> wheel_NN1 's_GE </reg> turn_NN1 to_TO put_VVI an_AT1 engine_NN1 into_II reverse_NN1 ._.

When_CS you_PPY first_MD enter_VV0 the_AT great_JJ hall_NN1 you_PPY see_VV0 an_AT1 engine_NN1 called_VVN the_AT Rocket_NN1 built_VVN by_II Robert_NP1 Stephenson_NP1 the_AT most_RGT famous_JJ steam_NN1 engine_NN1 of_IO the_AT 18th_MD century_NNT1 and_CC to_II the_AT left_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Shuttle_NN1 as_CS21 if_CS22 it_PPH1 is_VBZ coming_VVG out_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 section_NN1 of_IO the_AT Tunnel_NN1 ._. Also_RR there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 soft_JJ play_NN1 area_NN1 for_IF young_JJ children_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD Brio_NP1 train_NN1 sets_VVZ for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO play_VVI with_IW as_RG well_RR as_CSA foam_NN1 shapes_NN2 to_TO make_VVI trains_NN2 in_RP like_II a_AT1 jigsaw_NN1 puzzle_NN1 ._. Dotted_VVN around_II the_AT museum_NN1 there_EX are_VBR <reg> lots_PN </reg> of_IO little_JJ <reg> computers_NN2 </reg> ._. There_EX are_VBR some_DD computers_NN2 with_IW games_NN2 on_RP for_IF young_JJ children_NN2 ,_, like_II putting_VVG the_AT mail_NN1 bags_NN2 in_II the_AT carriages_NN2 ._. Then_RT there_EX 's_VBZ Computer_NN1 activities_NN2 like_II quizzes_NN2 for_IF older_JJR children_NN2 ._. They_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_RR21 bit_RR22 that_DD1 's_VBZ a_AT1 replica_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mail_NN1 sorting_VVG carriage_NN1 and_CC some_DD signals_NN2 ._.

The_AT museum_NN1 also_RR houses_VVZ a_AT1 beautiful_JJ blue_JJ engine_NN1 known_VVN as_II the_AT Mallard_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 Pacific_NP1 class_NN1 locomotive_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ famous_JJ not_XX only_RR for_IF its_APPGE shape_NN1 but_CCB also_RR because_CS it_PPH1 set_VVD a_AT1 world_NN1 record_NN1 in_II 1938_MC of_IO a_AT1 hundred_NNO and_CC twenty_MC six_MC miles_NNU2 an_AT1 hour_NNT1 on_II a_AT1 test_NN1 run_VVN between_II Grantham_NP1 and_CC Peterborough_NP1 ._. I_PPIS1 especially_RR liked_VVD going_VVG over_II the_AT wooden_JJ foot_NN1 bridge_NN1 so_CS I_PPIS1 could_VM get_VVI a_AT1 top_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT engine_NN1 ._.

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Here_RL are_VBR some_DD more_DAR engines_NN2 around_II the_AT turntable_NN1 in_II york_VV0 museum_NN1 ,_, with_IW replicas_NN2 of_IO old_JJ engines_NN2 on_II the_AT left_JJ and_CC a_AT1 <reg> diesel_NN1 </reg> on_II the_AT right_NN1 ._.

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The_AT Mallard_NP1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT <reg> world_NN1 's_GE </reg> most_RGT famous_JJ trains_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 picture_NN1 shows_VVZ it_PPH1 with_IW a_AT1 wooden_JJ bridge_NN1 over_II it_PPH1 which_DDQ meant_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 could_VM see_VVI the_AT top_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 as_CS21 if_CS22 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ going_VVG through_II a_AT1 station_NN1 ._. <reg> It_PPH1 is_VBZ </reg> a_AT1 4-6-2_MCMC engine_NN1 No.4468_FO of_IO the_AT LNER_JJR line_NN1 and_CC <reg> its_APPGE </reg> claim_NN1 to_II fame_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 set_VVD the_AT world_NN1 record_NN1 of_IO 126_MC mph_NNU on_II 3/7/1938_MF on_II a_AT1 practice_NN1 run_NN1 ._.

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The_AT museum_NN1 also_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 train_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT diggers_NN2 for_IF the_AT channel_NN1 tunnel_NN1 still_RR in_II the_AT shape_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ when_RRQ they_PPHS2 finished_VVD working_VVG ,_, And_CC next_II21 to_II22 it_PPH1 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 an_AT1 extremely_RR old_JJ little_JJ carriage_NN1 ._. Near_II the_AT entrance_NN1 there_EX are_VBR some_DD little_JJ toy_NN1 trains_VVZ that_CST zoom_VV0 around_RP their_APPGE track_NN1 all_DB day_NNT1 ._. Then_RT next_II21 to_II22 that_DD1 there_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 office_NN1 for_IF information_NN1 and_CC then_RT next_II21 to_II22 that_CST a_AT1 little_JJ cinema_NN1 for_IF watching_VVG a_AT1 train_NN1 movie_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ open_JJ all_DB day_NNT1 ._. They_PPHS2 also_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 gallery_NN1 above_II the_AT cinema_NN1 ,_, office_NN1 and_CC toy_NN1 trains_NN2 which_DDQ includes_VVZ various_JJ items_NN2 ,_, from_II a_AT1 Works_NN <reg> Manager_NN1 's_GE </reg> office_NN1 with_IW dummies_NN2 in_II which_DDQ shows_VVZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ like_II ,_, to_II pictures_NN2 and_CC paintings_NN2 of_IO famous_JJ trains_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 display_NN1 of_IO rail_NN1 tickets_NN2 from_II early_JJ times_NNT2 to_II the_AT present_NN1 and_CC the_AT ticket_NN1 machines_NN2 used_VMK to_TO produce_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. In_II the_AT <reg> outside_JJ </reg> bit_NN1 <sic> for_IF </sic> the_AT great_JJ hall_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 huge_JJ train_NN1 wheel_NN1 which_DDQ looks_VVZ about_RG twice_RR the_AT size_NN1 of_IO me_PPIO1 ._. There_EX was_VBDZ also_RR a_AT1 fire_NN1 train_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 huge_JJ crane_NN1 that_CST could_VM lift_VVI derailed_JJ trains_NN2 ._.

In_II the_AT south_ND1 hall_NN1 there_EX are_VBR <reg> lots_PN </reg> of_IO different_JJ carriages_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 few_DA2 trains_NN2 ,_, They_PPHS2 have_VH0 some_DD of_IO the_AT Royal_JJ carriages_NN2 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. In_II the_AT yard_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 different_JJ steam_NN1 train_NN1 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 ride_NN1 on_II every_AT1 day_NNT1 not_XX including_II the_AT miniature_JJ train_NN1 running_VVG every_AT1 day_NNT1 but_CCB when_RRQ I_PPIS1 went_VVD the_AT train_NN1 had_VHD mechanical_JJ problems_NN2 so_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX running_VVG ._. They_PPHS2 also_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 pond_NN1 <sic> a_AT1 </sic> the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT miniature_JJ railway_NN1 and_CC miniature_JJ railway_NN1 station_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 barbecue_NN1 and_CC ice_NN1 <reg> cream_NN1 </reg> stall_NN1 ._. We_PPIS2 all_DB had_VHD a_AT1 ride_NN1 on_II the_AT Lady_NNB Nan_NP1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ very_RG slow_RR compared_VVN to_II <reg> today_RT 's_GE </reg> trains_NN2 and_CC below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._.

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View_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO the_AT trains_NN2 around_II the_AT <sic> turn_NN1 table_NN1 </sic> in_II the_AT Great_JJ Hall_NN1 ._.

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A_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO Deltic_NN1 the_AT first_MD proper_JJ electric_JJ train_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO the_AT motor_NN1 that_CST drives_VVZ it_PPH1 ._.

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Bo-Bo_NP1 class_NN1 EMI_NP1 built_VVD in_II 1951_MC one_MC1 of_IO the_AT first_MD Electric_JJ locos_NN2 which_DDQ ran_VVD between_II Manchester_NP1 and_CC Sheffield_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ converted_VVN to_II being_VBG powered_VVN by_II overhead_JJ cables_NN2 in_II 1954_MC and_CC retired_VVD in_II 1971_MC ._.

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Me_PPIO1 inside_II the_AT cab_NN1 of_IO the_AT Great_JJ Western_JJ Railways_NN2 engine_NN1 no._NN1 1621_MC ,_, unfortunately_RR I_PPIS1 could_VM not_XX touch_VVI the_AT controls_NN2 but_CCB at_RR21 least_RR22 it_PPH1 gives_VVZ you_PPY an_AT1 idea_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ like_II ._.

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Evening_NNT1 Star_NN1 engine_NN1 no._NN1 92220_MC a_AT1 2-10-0_MCMC heavy_JJ freight_NN1 engine_NN1 built_VVN in_II 1960_MC was_VBDZ the_AT last_MD main_JJ line_NN1 train_NN1 built_VVN by_II British_JJ Rail_NN1 at_II Swindon_NP1 ,_, its_APPGE 10_MC coupled_JJ drive_NN1 wheels_NN2 meant_VVD it_PPH1 had_VHD a_AT1 more_RGR efficient_JJ haulage_NN1 capacity_NN1 at_II higher_JJR speeds_NN2 ._.

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The_AT photograph_NN1 below_RL shows_VVZ an_AT1 engine_NN1 built_VVN in_II 1846_MC for_IF Furness_NP1 railways_NN2 ._. It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 goods_NN2 tender_JJ loco_NN1 with_IW inside_JJ cylinders_NN2 which_DDQ kept_VVD warmer_JJR and_CC therefore_RR used_VVD less_DAR fuel_NN1 ._. These_DD2 locos_NN2 were_VBDR built_VVN between_II 1830_MC and_CC 1900_MC ._. They_PPHS2 were_VBDR built_VVN by_II Bury_NP1 ,_, Curtis_NP1 and_CC Kennedy_NP1 ._. This_DD1 is_VBZ loco_NN1 No_AT 3_MC in_II the_AT 0-4-0_MCMC series_NN ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ nicknamed_VVN "_" Coppernob_NP1 "_" because_CS it_PPH1 had_VHD a_AT1 copper_NN1 dome_NN1 over_II the_AT fire_NN1 box_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT boiler_NN1 ._. This_DD1 loco_NN1 used_VMK to_TO pull_VVI loads_NN2 of_IO iron_NN1 ore_NN1 and_CC slate_NN1 from_II North_ND1 Cumbria_NP1 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ last_MD used_VVN in_II 1898_MC ._.

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LNER_JJR Class_NN1 A3_FO Pacific_NP1 No._NN1 4472_MC The_AT Flying_JJ Scotsman_NN1 on_II the_AT Carnforth_NP1 turntable_NN1 ,_, April_NPM1 23rd_MD 1977_MC

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SR_NNB Merchant_NP1 Navy_NN1 Class_NN1 loco_NN1 No.35028_FO 'Clan_JJ Line'_NN1 with_IW golden_JJ arrow_NN1 regalia_NN2 awaits_VVZ the_AT start_NN1 of_IO the_AT Rainhill_NP1 procession_NN1 26th_MD May_NPM1 1980_MC ._.

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Inside_II a_AT1 Cab_NN1 ._.

This_DD1 is_VBZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 's_VBZ like_JJ inside_II a_AT1 cab_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 train_NN1 ._. This_DD1 is_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 hands_NN2 on_II exhibition_NN1 at_II York_NP1 science_NN1 museum_NN1 ._. Where_CS my_APPGE sister_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 got_VVD in_II the_AT cab_NN1 part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 train_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 fake_JJ simulation_NN1 running_VVG on_II a_AT1 screen_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 also_RR had_VHD some_DD <reg> levers_NN2 </reg> you_PPY could_VM play_VVI moving_VVG back_RP <reg> and_CC </reg> forth_RR ._.

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The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL shows_VVZ the_AT inside_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Great_JJ Western_JJ Railway_NN1 <reg> engine_NN1 's_GE </reg> cab_NN1 at_II the_AT York_NP1 museum_NN1 ._.

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My visit to Castlefield.

During the holidays I visited Castlefield Science and Industry museum to look at the trains they have. There were quite a lot of trains for a museum which specialises in more than just one subject. I enjoyed looking at the Planet made by Stephenson which looks exactly like the Rocket but it says Planet on its plaque on the side of it. Here is a picture of the Planet below.

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There <sic>was</sic> also lots of engines powered by steam set in the floor which I liked looking at. <reg>Another</reg> engine Called Novelty which they also have a replica of at the museum used to be one of the favourites of its time. It was designed in 1829 by John Ericsson and could travel at up to 30 miles per hour. It did not take part in the trials because <reg>its</reg> boiler blew up. There was also a replica of the second class carriages Known as "Blue Boxes. There <sic> was_VBDZ </sic> numerous_JJ complaints_NN2 about_II them_PPHO2 ie._REX Clothes_NN2 burned_VVN by_II sparks_NN2 low_JJ roofs_NN2 <reg> etc_RA </reg> ._.

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This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 photograph_NN1 of_IO Novelty_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 replica_NN1 built_VVN at_II the_AT Science_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 Museum_NN1 in_II Manchester_NP1 ._.

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There_EX are_VBR lots_PN of_IO trains_NN2 both_RR inside_II the_AT main_JJ shed_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT sidings_NN2 at_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO the_AT shed_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 outside_JJ ones_NN2 take_VV0 it_PPH1 in_II turn_NN1 to_TO pull_VVI some_DD old_JJ carriages_NN2 on_II a_AT1 short_JJ stretch_NN1 of_IO track_NN1 ,_, also_RR some_DD carriages_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN used_VVN as_II a_AT1 cafe_NN1 where_RRQ you_PPY can_VM sit_VVI down_RP for_IF a_AT1 rest_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 something_PN1 to_TO eat_VVI and_CC drink_NN1 ._.

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The_AT original_JJ track_NN1 <reg> outside_RL </reg> ended_VVN at_II the_AT station_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ extended_VVN into_II the_AT transit_NN1 shed_VVN on_II the_AT site_NN1 <note desc="no punctuation"> this_DD1 was_VBDZ demolished_VVN in_II 1855_MC to_TO make_VVI way_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 freight_NN1 shed_VVD to_TO be_VBI able_JK to_TO unload_VVI railway_NN1 wagons_NN2 on_II21 to_II22 horse_NN1 drawn_VVN carts_NN2 ._. The_AT carriage_NN1 shed_VVD that_DD1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT site_NN1 could_VM hold_VVI 20_MC carriages_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ open_JJ on_II one_MC1 side_NN1 and_CC supported_VVN by_II iron_NN1 columns_NN2 ._. Originally_RR there_EX were_VBDR shops_NN2 and_CC offices_NN2 on_II the_AT platform_NN1 ._. Below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 photograph_NN1 of_IO the_AT station_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 now_RT is_VBZ ._. Also_RR it_PPH1 became_VVD an_AT1 important_JJ passenger_NN1 station_NN1 for_IF ships_NN2 going_VVG to_II Ireland_NP1 and_CC elsewhere_RL ._.

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The_AT station_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II operation_NN1 between_II 1830_MC and_CC 1972_MC and_CC was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO export_VVI goods_NN2 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN produced_VVN in_II Manchester_NP1 and_CC were_VBDR taken_VVN to_II Liverpool_NP1 to_TO be_VBI shipped_VVN all_RR over_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. On_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT track_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT 1830_MC221 's_MC222 warehouse_NN1 <note desc="no punctuation"> this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 4_MC storey_NN1 building_NN1 but_CCB from_II the_AT station_NN1 side_NN1 it_PPH1 only_RR looks_VVZ 2_MC storeys_NN2 high_JJ as_CSA you_PPY can_VM see_VVI on_II the_AT next_MD page_NN1 ._. This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS the_AT warehouse_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN so_RR that_CST trains_NN2 could_VM shunt_VVI wagons_NN2 in_RP through_II 6_MC large_JJ arched_JJ doors_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 turntable_NN1 in_II front_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT engines_NN2 could_VM be_VBI turned_VVN around_RP and_CC the_AT wagons_NN2 left_VVN in_II the_AT warehouse_NN1 for_IF unloading_VVG onto_II road_NN1 wagons_NN2 ._. Inside_II the_AT warehouse_NN1 jib_NN1 cranes_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO move_VVI the_AT goods_NN2 to_II other_JJ floors_NN2 above_RL and_CC gravity_NN1 hoists_VVZ to_II floors_NN2 below_RL ,_, the_AT goods_NN2 being_VBG lowered_VVN to_II waiting_VVG horse_NN1 drawn_VVN carts_NN2 at_II true_JJ ground_NN1 floor_NN1 level_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ 2_MC stories_NN2 high_JJ ._.

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This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO the_AT warehouse_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT oldest_JJT passenger_NN1 station_NN1 and_CC goods_NN2 house_VV0 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._.

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In_II the_AT lower_JJR floor_NN1 of_IO the_AT station_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 reproduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT ticket_NN1 <reg> office_NN1 as_CSA </reg> it_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN in_II its_APPGE <reg> heyday_NN1 </reg> ._.

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These_DD2 next_MD pictures_NN2 are_VBR of_IO a_AT1 South_NP1 African_JJ engine_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ an_AT1 articulated_JJ loco_NN1 no._NN1 2352_MC Class_NN1 GL_NP1 ._. It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 Beyer-Garret_NP1 4-8-2/2-8-4_MCMC and_CC weighs_VVZ 214_MC tons_NNU2 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ built_VVN by_II Beyer_NP1 Peacock_NP1 of_IO Gorton_NP1 <reg> Manchester_NP1 in_II </reg> 1930_MC and_CC was_VBDZ in_II service_NN1 for_IF 30+_FO years_NNT2 ._. The_AT coal_NN1 tender_NN1 is_VBZ at_II the_AT front_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT engine_NN1 and_CC the_AT water_NN1 tender_NN1 is_VBZ at_II the_AT rear_NN1 ._. The_AT drive_NN1 wheels_NN2 are_VBR huge_JJ almost_RR 1.80m_NNU high_JJ ._.

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This_DD1 next_MD picture_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO some_DD early_JJ first_MD class_NN1 railway_NN1 carriages_NN2 ,_, the_AT design_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG much_DA1 like_II a_AT1 stage_NN1 coach_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT trains_NN2 replaced_VVN ._.

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This_DD1 engine_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 Pakistan_NP1 railway_NN1 engine_NN1 No._NN1 3157_MC with_IW 4-4-0_MCMC wheel_NN1 configuration_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ built_VVN in_II 1911_MC and_CC was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG early_JJ example_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 super_JJ heater_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 weighed_VVD 49_MC tons_NNU2 and_CC ran_VVD on_II a_AT1 5_MC feet_NN2 6_MC inch_NNU1 gauge_NN1 track_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 was_VBDZ finally_RR retired_VVN in_II 1982_MC and_CC was_VBDZ shipped_VVN from_II Karachi_NP1 ._.

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This_DD1 Tank_NN1 engine_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN turned_VVN into_II a_AT1 cross_NN1 section_NN1 to_TO explain_VVI how_RRQ a_AT1 train_NN1 works_VVZ <note desc="no punctuation"> there_EX 's_VBZ one_PN1 also_RR at_II the_AT York_NP1 Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 ._. There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 close_JJ up_RP and_CC a_AT1 distance_NN1 picture_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 below_RL ._.

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Here_RL is_VBZ the_AT close_JJ up_II you_PPY can_VM see_VVI the_AT dials_NN2 very_RG well_RR on_II it_PPH1 ._.

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The_AT Lord_NNB Ashfield_NP1 engine_NN1 no._NN1 1989_MC built_VVN in_II 1930_MC by_II Andrew_NP1 Barclay_NP1 and_CC Co._NN1 of_IO Kilmarnock_NP1 ._.

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An_AT1 early_JJ electric_JJ tender_NN1 built_VVN for_IF English_JJ Electric_JJ ._.

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EAST_ND1 LANCASHIRE_NP1 RAILWAY_NN1

East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN in_II 1846_MC to_TO link_VVI the_AT Manchester_NP1 and_CC Bolton_NP1 railways_NN2 to_II the_AT Radcliffe_NP1 line_NN1 ,_, the_AT line_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 popular_JJ freight_NN1 and_CC passenger_NN1 line_NN1 and_CC continued_VVD along_II Irwell_NP1 Valley_NN1 to_II Rawtenstall_NP1 ._. In_II 1972_MC the_AT last_MD train_NN1 ran_VVD along_II the_AT Bury_NP1 to_II Rawtenstall_NP1 section_NN1 that_CST carried_VVD passengers_NN2 ,_, the_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 railway_NN1 preservation_NN1 society_NN1 restored_VVN and_CC reopened_VVD the_AT line_NN1 in_II 1991_MC ._. Trains_NN2 now_RT run_VVN between_II Bury_NP1 and_CC Rawtenstall_NP1 pulled_VVD by_II steam_NN1 or_CC diesel_NN1 engines_NN2 ._. The_AT old_JJ station_NN1 buildings_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN preserved_VVN and_CC a_AT1 model_NN1 railway_NN1 shop_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II an_AT1 old_JJ railway_NN1 carriage_NN1 at_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO Bury_NP1 station_NN1 on_II an_AT1 unused_JJ track_NN1 ._. My_APPGE family_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 enjoyed_VVD our_APPGE visit_NN1 to_II The_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 at_II Bury_NP1 ._. The_AT information_NN1 officer_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ really_RR helpful_JJ and_CC gave_VVD me_PPIO1 lots_PN of_IO information_NN1 and_CC leaflets_NN2 for_IF my_APPGE project_NN1 ._. He_PPHS1 also_RR <reg> showed_VVD </reg> me_PPIO1 his_APPGE six_MC volumes_NN2 on_II the_AT history_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 railway_NN1 ._.

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Here_RL are_VBR some_DD platform_NN1 tickets_NN2 From_II East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 ._.

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ELR_NP1

This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO the_AT platform_NN1 at_II East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 <note desc="no punctuation"> it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 operational_JJ steam_NN1 and_CC diesel_NN1 railway_NN1 ._.

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ELR_NP1

The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 steam_NN1 train_NN1 arriving_VVG at_II the_AT platform_NN1 at_II the_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 in_II Bury_NP1 ._.

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The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL is_VBZ of_IO the_AT steam_NN1 train_NN1 when_CS <reg> it_PPH1 's_VHZ </reg> just_RR arrived_VVN to_TO let_VVI the_AT passengers_NN2 off_RP and_CC turn_VV0 round_RP for_IF more_DAR passengers_NN2 ._.

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ELR_NP1

When_CS my_APPGE family_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 visited_VVD the_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 we_PPIS2 saw_VVD from_II the_AT platform_NN1 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR standing_VVG on_II an_AT1 old_JJ train_NN1 in_II a_AT1 working_JJ and_CC maintenance_NN1 siding_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ looked_VVD to_TO be_VBI being_VBG restored_VVN ._. The_AT picture_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 below_RL shows_VVZ you_PPY what_DDQ a_AT1 terrible_JJ state_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ in_RP ._. I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX sure_JJ what_DDQ type_NN1 of_IO train_NN1 it_PPH1 actually_RR is_VBZ but_CCB I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 American_JJ 4-4-0_MCMC by_II the_AT shape_NN1 of_IO the_AT boiler_NN1 and_CC driver_NN1 's_GE cab_NN1 at_II the_AT back_NN1 ._. To_TO prevent_VVI more_DAR work_NN1 having_VHG to_TO be_VBI done_VDN to_II it_PPH1 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 put_VVN a_AT1 plastic_NN1 sheet_NN1 over_II it_PPH1 obviously_RR to_TO stop_VVI it_PPH1 getting_VVG any_DD rustier_JJR than_CSN it_PPH1 already_RR is_VBZ

._.

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ELR_NP1

The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 old_JJ train_NN1 at_II the_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 in_II Bury_NP1 before_II the_AT train_NN1 was_VBDZ renovated_VVN ._. It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN left_VVN to_TO rust_VVI for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 and_CC was_VBDZ saved_VVN from_II scrap_NN1 by_II the_AT company_NN1 ._. It_PPH1 took_VVD many_DA2 hours_NNT2 and_CC a_AT1 lot_NN1 of_IO money_NN1 to_TO restore_VVI it_PPH1 to_II working_VVG order_NN1 ._.

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This_DD1 picture_NN1 below_RL is_VBZ of_IO the_AT Major_NNB Odney_NP1 at_II Ramsbottom_NP1 station_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 ._.

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MAJOR_JJ PRESERVED_JJ RAILWAYS_NN2 IN_II BRITAIN_NP1 ._.

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MAJOR_JJ PRESERVED_JJ RAILWAYS_NN2 ._.

STANDARD_JJ <reg> GAUGE_NN1 </reg>

1_MC1 Bluebell_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Uckfield_NP1 ,_, Sussex_NP1 5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

2_MC Bo'ness_NP1 &_CC Kinneil_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Bo'ness_NP1 ,_, West_NP1 Lothian_JJ 3.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

3_MC Buckfastleigh_NP1 &_CC Totnes_NP1 Steam_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Buckfastleigh_NP1 ,_, Devon_NP1 7_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

4_MC East_ND1 Lancashire_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Bury_NP1 ,_, Lancashire_NP1 4_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

5_MC East_ND1 Somerset_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Shepton_NP1 Mallet_NP1 ,_, Somerset_NP1 2_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

6_MC Gloucestershire_NP1 &_CC Warwickshire_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Gloucestershire_NP1 3_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

7_MC Great_JJ Central_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Loughborough_NP1 ,_, Leicestershire_NP1 5.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

8_MC Isle_NNL1 Of_IO Wight_NP1 Steam_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Ryde_NP1 ,_, Isle_NNL1 of_IO Wight_NP1 1.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

9_MC Keighley_NP1 &_CC Worth_II Valley_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Keighley_NP1 ,_, West_ND1 Yorkshire_NP1 5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

10_MC Kent_NP1 &_CC East_NP1 Sussex_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Tenterden_NP1 ,_, Kent_NP1 5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

11_MC Lakeside_NP1 &_CC Haverthwaite_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Ulverston_NP1 ,_, Cumbria_NP1 3.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

12_MC Llangollen_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Llangollen_NP1 ,_, Clwyd_NP1 2_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

13_MC Mid-Hants_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Alresford_NP1 ,_, Hampshire_NP1 10.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

14_MC Midland_NP1 Railway_NN1 Station_NN1 ,_, Ripley_NP1 ,_, Derbyshire_NP1 3.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

15_MC Nene_NP1 Valley_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Peterborough_NP1 ,_, Northants_NP1 7.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

16_MC North_ND1 Norfolk_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Sheringham_NP1 ,_, Norfolk_NP1 5.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

17_MC North_NP1 Yorkshire_NP1 Moors_NN2 Railway_NN1 ,_, Pickering_NP1 ,_, North_NP1 Yorkshire_NP1 18_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

18_MC Paignton_NP1 &_CC Dartmouth_NP1 Steam_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Paignton_NP1 ,_, Devon_NP1 7_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

19_MC Severn_NP1 Valley_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Bewdley_NP1 ,_, Worcestershire_NP1 16_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

20_MC Strathspey_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Inverness_NP1 5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

21_MC Swanage_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Swanage_NP1 ,_, Dorset_NP1 3_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

22_MC West_ND1 Somerset_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Minehead_NP1 ,_, Somerset_NP1 20_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

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23_MC Yorkshire_NP1 Dales_NN2 Railway_NN1 ,_, Skipton_NP1 ,_, North_NP1 Yorkshire_NP1 2_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

NARROW_JJ <reg> GAUGE_NN1 </reg>

24_MC Bala_NP1 Lake_NNL1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Bala_NP1 ,_, Gwynnedd_NP1 ,_, 4.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

25_MC Brecon_NP1 Mountain_NNL1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Merthyr_NP1 Tydfil_NP1 ,_, Mid-Glamorgan_NP1 2_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

26_MC Fairbourne_NP1 &_CC Barmouth_NP1 Steam_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Dolgellau_NP1 ,_, Gwynnedd_NP1 2.75_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

27_MC Festiniog_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Porthmadog_NP1 ,_, Gwynnedd_NP1 13.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

28_MC Isle_NNL1 Of_IO Man_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Douglas_NP1 ,_, Isle_NN1 Of_IO man_NN1 15.25_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

29_MC Launceston_NP1 Steam_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Launceston_NP1 ,_, Cornwall_NP1 2_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

30_MC Leighton_NP1 Buzzard_NP1 Narrow_JJ Gauge_NN1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Leighton_NP1 Buzzard_NP1 ,_, Bedfordshire_NP1 2.75_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

31_MC Ravenglass_NP1 &_CC Eskdale_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Ravenglass_NP1 ,_, Cumbria_NP1 7_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

32_MC Romney_NP1 ,_, Hythe_NP1 &_CC Dymchurch_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Kent_NP1 13.75_MC <reg> miles_NNU2 long_JJ </reg> ._.

33_MC Sittingbourne_NP1 &_CC Kemsley_NP1 Light_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Sittingbourne_NP1 ,_, Kent_NP1 2_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

34_MC Snowdon_NP1 Mountain_NNL1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Llanberis_NP1 ,_, Gwynnedd_NP1 4.75_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

35_MC Talyllyn_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Tywyn_NP1 ,_, Gwynnedd_NP1 7.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

36_MC Vale_NN1 Of_IO Rheidol_NP1 Railway_NN1 ,_, Aberystwyth_NP1 ,_, Dyfed_NP1 11.5_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

37_MC Welshpool_NP1 &_CC Llanfair_NP1 Light_JJ Railway_NN1 ,_, Llanfair_NP1 ,_, Powys_NP1 8_MC miles_NNU2 long_JJ ._.

STEAM_NN1 CENTRES_NN2 ._.

38_MC Birmingham_NP1 Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 ,_, Birmingham_NP1 ._.

39_MC Bressingham_NP1 Live_JJ Steam_NN1 Museum_NN1 ,_, Diss_NP1 ,_, Norfolk_NP1 ._.

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40_MC Buckinghamshire_NP1 Railway_NN1 Centre_NN1 ,_, Aylesbury_NP1 ,_, Buckinghamshire_NP1 ._.

41_MC Didcot_NP1 Railway_NN1 Centre_NN1 ,_, Didcot_NP1 ,_, Oxfordshire_NP1 ._.

42_MC National_JJ Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 ,_, York_NP1 ._.

43_MC Steamtown_NP1 Railway_NN1 Centre_NN1 ,_, Carnforth_NP1 ,_, Lancashire_NP1 ._.

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My_APPGE Questionnaire_NN1 ._.

I_PPIS1 have_VH0 designed_VVN a_AT1 questionnaire_NN1 which_DDQ I_PPIS1 have_VH0 asked_VVN people_NN that_CST I_PPIS1 know_VV0 are_VBR rail_NN1 enthusiasts_NN2 or_CC people_NN at_II the_AT museums_NN2 I_PPIS1 visited_VVD to_TO complete_VVI ._. On_II the_AT next_MD page_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 blank_JJ copy_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE questionnaire_NN1 and_CC following_VVG that_CST the_AT completed_JJ ones_NN2 and_CC here_RL are_VBR the_AT results_NN2 ._. Of_IO the_AT 9_MC completed_JJ questionnaires_NN2 all_DB the_AT people_NN were_VBDR male_JJ and_CC all_DB had_VHD become_VVN interested_JJ in_II trains_NN2 at_II childhood_NN1 and_CC spanned_VVD 30-60+_FO years_NNT2 as_II an_AT1 interest_NN1 ._. Favourite_JJ make_NN1 of_IO train_NN1 ._. 3_MC just_RR said_VVD steam_NN1 trains_NN2 but_CCB the_AT others_NN2 named_VVD actual_JJ steam_NN1 trains_NN2 ,_, so_RR all_DB liked_VVD steam_NN1 trains_VVZ the_AT best_JJT ._.

How_RGQ many_DA2 different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO train_NN1 gave_VVD mixed_JJ results_NN2 from_II 8_MC ie._REX steam_NN1 diesel_NN1 and_CC electric_JJ to_II 100_MC 's_GE and_CC all_DB in_II the_AT steam_NN1 train_NN1 directory_NN1 ._.

Favourite_JJ steam_NN1 train_NN1 again_RT varied_VVD ,_, 3_MC liked_VVD The_AT Flying_JJ Scotsman_NN1 ,_, the_AT rest_NN1 had_VHD different_JJ trains_NN2 ;_; but_CCB when_CS asking_VVG them_PPHO2 about_II it_PPH1 ,_, all_DB liked_VVD The_AT Mallard_NP1 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._.

Favourite_JJ diesel_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 less_RGR liked_JJ question_NN1 ,_, as_CSA 5_MC of_IO the_AT 9_MC liked_VVD no_AT diesels_NN2 at_RR21 all_RR22 and_CC the_AT other_JJ 4_MC had_VHD different_JJ engines_NN2 as_CSA their_APPGE favourite_JJ diesels_NN2 ._.

Favourite_JJ electric_JJ again_RT 4_MC did_VDD not_XX like_VVI electric_JJ trains_NN2 and_CC the_AT other_JJ 5_MC had_VHD different_JJ favourites_NN2 ,_, two_MC only_RR liking_VVG the_AT earliest_JJT electric_JJ trains_NN2 ._.

Preservation_NN1 societies_NN2 are_VBR needed_VVN was_VBDZ unanimous_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT reason_NN1 was_VBDZ much_RR the_AT same_DA ,_, that_DD1 is_VBZ to_TO save_VVI steam_NN1 trains_NN2 and_CC the_AT skills_NN2 to_TO make_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. Also_RR people_NN said_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR like_II living_JJ history_NN1 or_CC living_JJ museums_NN2 ._.

Standardising_VVG the_AT gauge_NN1 of_IO railways_NN2 they_PPHS2 all_DB said_VVD was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ idea_NN1 so_RR that_CST trains_NN2 can_VM travel_VVI anywhere_RL without_IW any_DD difficulty_NN1 ._.

The_AT question_NN1 about_II engineering_NN1 feats_NN2 again_RT gave_VVD different_JJ results_NN2 with_IW 3_MC not_XX answering_VVG ,_, but_CCB of_IO the_AT replies_NN2 2_MC liked_VVD the_AT Channel_NN1 tunnel_NN1 ,_, 2_MC liked_VVD the_AT Forth_NP1 Bridge_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 also_RR liked_VVD the_AT Severn_NP1 tunnel_NN1 as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA the_AT Forth_NP1 Bridge_NN1 ,_, 1_MC1 liked_VVD the_AT London_NP1 underground_RL ,_, 1_MC1 liked_VVD all_DB of_IO Brunel_NP1 's_GE designs_NN2 ,_, 1_MC1 liked_VVD the_AT Liverpool_NP1 and_CC Manchester_NP1 railway_NN1 station_NN1 ,_, and_CC 1_MC1 <reg> Trevithick_NN1 's_GE </reg> first_MD engine_NN1 ._.

This_DD1 question_NN1 stumped_VVN some_DD ,_, but_CCB the_AT rest_NN1 thought_NN1 trains_NN2 will_VM be_VBI electric_JJ ,_, probably_RR solar_JJ powered_JJ and_CC be_VBI very_RG <reg> streamlined_JJ </reg> ._. The_AT retired_JJ engineer_NN1 at_II York_NP1 museum_NN1 thought_VVD that_CST the_AT stations_NN2 would_VM have_VHI miniature_JJ nuclear_JJ reactors_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI electricity_NN1 to_II the_AT track_NN1 ._. Another_DD1 man_NN1 thought_VVD that_CST the_AT trains_NN2 may_VM be_VBI built_VVN of_IO some_DD very_RG light_JJ weight_NN1 material_NN1 not_XX yet_RR invented_VVN but_CCB would_VM be_VBI stronger_JJR than_CSN the_AT materials_NN2 used_VVD now_RT so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT trains_NN2 could_VM go_VVI faster_RRR and_CC be_VBI stronger_JJR too_RR ._.

My_APPGE survey_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST for_IF most_DAT people_NN their_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II trains_NN2 began_VVD when_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR children_NN2 and_CC enjoyed_VVD model_NN1 railways_NN2 ._. As_CSA adults_NN2 they_PPHS2 now_RT have_VH0 a_AT1 passion_NN1 for_IF steam_NN1 trains_VVZ because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE character_NN1 and_CC the_AT great_JJ variety_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST they_PPHS2 all_DB have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA particular_JJ favourite_JJ one_PN1 ._. Classics_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Rocket_NN1 and_CC the_AT Mallard_NP1 were_VBDR popular_JJ with_IW everyone_PN1 ._.

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Trains_NN2 Questionnaire_NN1 ._.

1_MC1 ._. How_RGQ long_RR have_VH0 you_PPY been_VBN interested_JJ in_II trains_NN2 and/model_FO trains_VVZ ?_?

2_MC ._. What_DDQ is_VBZ your_APPGE favourite_JJ make_NN1 of_IO train_NN1 and_CC why_RRQ ?_?

3_MC ._. How_RGQ many_DA2 different_JJ types_NN2 of_IO train_NN1 can_VM you_PPY think_VVI of_IO ?_?

4_MC ._. What_DDQ is_VBZ your_APPGE favourite_JJ steam_NN1 train_NN1 ?_?

5_MC ._. What_DDQ is_VBZ your_APPGE favourite_JJ diesel_NN1 engine_NN1 ?_?

6_MC ._. What_DDQ is_VBZ your_APPGE favourite_JJ electric_JJ train_NN1 ?_?

7_MC ._. Why_RRQ are_VBR train_NN1 preservation_NN1 societies_NN2 needed_VVN ?_?

8_MC ._. Do_VD0 you_PPY think_VVI it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ idea_NN1 to_TO standardise_VVI the_AT gauge_NN1 of_IO rail_NN1 roads_NN2 and_CC why_RRQ to_II you_PPY think_VV0 this_DD1 ?_?

9_MC ._. Railways_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN responsible_JJ for_IF some_DD amazing_JJ feats_NN2 of_IO engineering_NN1 ,_, what_DDQ do_VD0 you_PPY think_VVI was_VBDZ the_AT greatest_JJT of_IO these_DD2 feats_NN2 and_CC why_RRQ ?_?

10_MC ._. Trains_NN2 have_VH0 gone_VVN from_II steam_NN1 power_NN1 to_II diesel_NN1 to_II electric_JJ ,_, in_II the_AT year_NNT1 2097A.D._RA how_RRQ do_VD0 you_PPY think_VVI trains_NN2 will_VM be_VBI powered_VVN and_CC what_DDQ might_VM they_PPHS2 look_VVI like_II ?_?

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Post_NN1 cards_NN2 of_IO trains_NN2 ._.

LMS_NN1 Class_NN1 5MT_FO Bo.5231_FO 3rd_MD (_( volunteer_NN1 )_) Battalion_NN1 The_AT Worcestershire_NP1 and_CC Sherwood_NP1 Foresters_NN2 regiment_VV0 in_II service_NN1 on_II the_AT GCR_NP1 at_II Loughborough_NP1 6th_MD June_NPM1 1976_MC

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Borough_NN1 of_IO Thamesdown_NP1 G.W.R.Museum_NP1 Faringdon_NP1 Road_NNL1 Swindon_NP1 showing_VVG some_DD <reg> engines_NN2 in_II </reg> the_AT main_JJ hall_NN1 ._.

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MODEL_NN1 TRAINS_NN2

The_AT picture_NN1 below_RL shows_VVZ my_APPGE <reg> dad_NN1 's_GE </reg> model_NN1 Sir_NNB Nigel_NP1 Gresley_NP1 with_IW coal_NN1 carriage_NN1 ._. This_DD1 model_NN1 is_VBZ motorised_JJ and_CC works_VVZ off_II mains_NN1 electricity_NN1 ._.

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The_AT picture_NN1 above_RL shows_VVZ my_APPGE <reg> dad_NN1 's_GE </reg> train_NN1 with_IW just_RR a_AT1 coal_NN1 carriage_NN1 but_CCB this_DD1 picture_NN1 below_RL shows_VVZ it_PPH1 with_IW all_DB the_AT carriages_NN2 ._. On_II the_AT next_MD page_NN1 you_PPY can_VM see_VVI the_AT carriages_NN2 individually_RR and_CC closer_RRR up_RP ._.

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The_AT following_JJ pictures_NN2 show_VV0 the_AT passenger_NN1 carriage_NN1 and_CC the_AT goods_NN2 wagons_NN2 of_IO my_APPGE <reg> Dad_NN1 's_GE </reg> Hornby_NP1 double_JJ O_ZZ1 set_VV0 in_RP close_VV0 up_RP ._.

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These_DD2 pictures_NN2 show_VV0 where_RRQ I_PPIS1 worked_VVD ,_, what_DDQ I_PPIS1 worked_VVD on_RP ,_, the_AT information_NN1 sources_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 used_VVD and_CC me_PPIO1 and_CC my_APPGE family_NN1 gathering_NN1 and_CC reviewing_VVG information_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 project_NN1 ._.

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Copy_NN1 Of_IO Letter_NN1 Sent_VVN To_II People_NN ._.

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25th_MD April_NPM1 1997_MC ._.

Dear_JJ Sir_NN1 ._.

I_PPIS1 am_VBM ten_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ and_CC doing_VDG a_AT1 project_NN1 about_II trains_NN2 and_CC railways_NN2 at_II school_NN1 ._. I_PPIS1 would_VM be_VBI very_RG grateful_JJ if_CS you_PPY send_VV0 me_PPIO1 any_DD information_NN1 or_CC leaflets_NN2 that_CST you_PPY have_VH0 about_II trains_NN2 and_CC railways_NN2 ._.

Thank_VV0 you_PPY very_RG much_RR for_IF your_APPGE help_NN1 ._.

Yours_PPGE faithfully_RR ,_,

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<name key="Naeman Abercrombie">

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Hornby_NP1 ._.

<reg> Hornby_NP1 </reg> is_VBZ all_RR one_MC1 company_NN1 but_CCB known_VVN as_II Meccano_NP1 ,_, Mechanics_NN2 made_VVD easy_JJ ,_, Hornby_NP1 Trains_VVZ ,_, Hornby_NP1 DublO_NP1 ,_, Tri-ang_JJ Railways_NN2 ,_, Tri-ang_JJ Hornby_NP1 ,_, Hornby_NP1 Railways_NN2 ,_, Thomas_NP1 The_AT Tank_NN1 Engine_NN1 Friends_NN2 ,_, Tri-ang_JJ Scalextric_NP1 ,_, scalextric_JJ ,_, SCALEXTRIC_NP1 and_CC SCALEXTRIC_NP1 ._. I_PPIS1 have_VH0 listed_VVN some_DD of_IO the_AT <sic> train_NN1 makes_VVZ Hornby_NP1 </sic> below_RL ._. There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 scale_NN1 model_NN1 of_IO the_AT <reg> Stephenson_NP1 's_GE </reg> Rocket_NN1 one_MC1 with_IW a_AT1 three_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_NN1 <reg> gauge_NN1 </reg> and_CC another_DD1 with_IW a_AT1 00_MC <reg> gauge_NN1 </reg> in_II the_AT shops_NN2 in_II 1978_MC ._. There_EX is_VBZ the_AT APT_JJ model_NN1 in_II the_AT shops_NN2 in_II 1980_MC ._. Plus_II the_AT Thomas_NP1 the_AT Tank_NN1 Engine_NN1 and_CC Friends_NN2 in_II the_AT shops_NN2 in_II 1985_MC ,_, a_AT1 modern_JJ inter_JJ city_NN1 in_II the_AT shops_NN2 in_II the_AT 1990s_MC2 ._. The_AT next_MD trains_NN2 listed_VVN are_VBR very_RG old_JJ ,_, Hornby_NP1 Railways_NN2 Mallard_NP1 in_II the_AT shops_NN2 in_II 1979_MC ,_, Hornby_NP1 DublO_NP1 train_NN1 sets_VVZ Sir_NNB <reg> Nigel_NP1 </reg> Gresley_NP1 1938_MC ,_, Hornby_NP1 O_ZZ1 <reg> Gauge_NN1 </reg> sets_NN2 ,_, Hornby_NP1 clock_NN1 work_NN1 engine_NN1 ,_, tender_JJ and_CC GN_NNU wagon_NN1 made_VVN in_II 1921_MC ,_, and_CC finally_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT oldest_JJT just_JJ to_TO show_VVI you_PPY how_RGQ long_RR they_PPHS2 've_VH0 been_VBN running_VVG a_AT1 <reg> porter_NN1 's_GE </reg> barrow_NN1 made_VVN in_II 1905_MC ._. My_APPGE dad_NN1 also_RR <reg> has_VHZ </reg> a_AT1 Hornby_NP1 DublO_NP1 and_CC my_APPGE granddad_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 LNER_NN1 4-4-0_MCMC wheel_NN1 configuration_NN1 ._. Hornby_NP1 were_VBDR first_MD established_VVN in_II 1901_MC ._.

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Bibliography_NN1

The_AT Story_NN1 Of_IO Railways_NN2 (_( Ladybird_NP1 )_) -_- Richard_NP1 Bowood_NP1

All_DB About_II The_AT Coming_NN1 Of_IO Railways_NN2 -_- Pam_NP1 Robson_NP1

Look_VV0 Inside_II Cross_NN1 Sections_NN2 Trains_VVZ -_- Dorling_NP1 Kindersley_NP1

National_JJ Railway_NN1 Museum_NN1 Guide_NN1 ,_, York_NP1 -_- Neil_NP1 Cossons_NP2

Railways_NN2 Restored_VVN 94/95_MF -_- Alan_NP1 Butcher_NP1

Steam_NN1 -_- Great_JJ Trains_NN2 &_CC Railways_NN2 -_- John_NP1 Westwood_NP1

Encyclopaedia_NN1 Of_IO British_JJ Railway_NN1 Companies_NN2 -_- Christopher_NP1 Awdry_NP1

Preserved_JJ Steam_NN1 Railways_NN2 Of_IO Britain_NP1 -_- Colin_NP1 Garratt_NP1

The_AT Train_NN1 Now_RT Departing_VVG (_( BBC_NP1 Publications_NN2 )_)

The_AT Guinness_NP1 Book_NN1 Of_IO Rail_NN1 Facts_NN2 &_CC Feats_NN2 -_- John_NP1 Marshall_NP1

A_AT1 Guide_NN1 To_II The_AT Steam_NN1 Railways_NN2 Of_IO Great_NP1 Britain_NP1 -_- Rev._NNB W._NP1 Awdry_NP1 &_CC Chris_NP1 Cook_NP1

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