Autonomous machines have a lively existence in popular and occupational imaginations. Astonishing creativity can be found in the conceptualization and crafting of them since the Classical Age. They have inspired new ways of thinking about the relationship between humans, animals and machines. In particular, research into human-like artificial intelligence and other human-like appearances has served as a scientific tool to test our theories of intelligence, behaviour, sociality, emotionality, the role of the body, and more.