Ruskin uses the word 'enthusiasm' in the eighteenth-century pejorative sense of extravagance in religious devotion, often applied to Dissenters. Samuel Johnson in his Dictionary (1755) defined enthusiasm as 'a vain confidence of Divine favour or communication'. (Compare Ruskin's negative use of the term in a religious context in Modern Painters IV (1856): Works, 6.427. Contrast his positive use of the term in a secular context in Modern Painters III (1856): Works, 5.32.) (See also Ruskin and religion.)