Ludolf Bakhuizen (1630-1708), was a Dutch painter, draughtsman, calligrapher and printmaker of German origin. He became the most popular marine artist in Holland from 1672, when the Van de Velde s moved to England. The dramatic qualities of his work may well have influenced Turner, and Turner could certainly complement Bakhuizen. As John Gage has noted, Turner's Scottish patron Hugh Munro of Novar acquired 'the Ostend in Munich ( Butlin and Joll, The Paintings of J M W Turner, no. 357), whose cool tonality is very much in line with the marines by Willem van de Velde, Backhuisen and Jan van de Capelle (c1624-1679) which were also in his collection' ( Gage, J M W Turner, p. 7). (For Ruskin 's general attitude to the genre see Ruskin and Dutch marine painting.)