Rembrandt

Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) was the greatest of Dutch artists, excelling equally as painter, draughtsman and printmaker (for which, see Rembrandt's etchings). Working independently in his home town of Leiden from his late teens, he concentrated at first on figure subjects and portraits, including the earliest in an unparalleled series of self-portraits. He soon gained such talented pupils as Gerrit Dou (1628) and in 1629 attracted the attention of the notable connoisseur Constantijn Huygens. In the early 1630s, he moved to Amsterdam, where he established a partnership with art dealer Hendrick Uylenbergh, and soon became the city's leading portraitist. This distinction was marked in particular by his production of the highly novel group portrait, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp (1632, Maruitshuis, The Hague). A decade later his independence from Uylenbergh, and the beginning of a new phase of his art, was marked by another ambitious group portrait, The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, popularly known as The Night Watch (1642, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam). In the intervening years, his great success in many genres had encouraged him to live beyond his means. As that success declined, he became more introspective, and accordingly revised the manner and matter of his art. For example, he concentrated increasingly on religious subjects and developed an interest in landscape. Though declared insolvent in 1656, he was able to continue working by becoming the 'employee' of his son and second wife, both of whom he then outlived. His reputation has been sustained in succeeding centuries by artists and connoisseurs, though Sir Joshua Reynolds, for one, accepted his influence more into his practice than into his theory. For Ruskin 's opinion of the artist, see Ruskin on Rembrandt.

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