The empirical results offered by Booth et al. and Audas et al. throw light on the theoretical predictions of the Lazear & Rosen model. Both these studies find that, within jobs in the UK, gender earnings differences between men and women are small (though the Lazear & Rosen model suggests women should be paid more than men within jobs). Lazear & Rosen's prediction that the propensity to be promoted is less for women than for men is supported by