The central aim of the module is to introduce you to modern experimental methods of measuring the ubiquitous relationship between language and cognition, which is a basic theoretical tenet of Cognitive Linguistics. In particular, it will begin by presenting language acquisition as a general learning process, and looking at interactions between linguistic and social-cognitive development in children. It will then explore the growing body of experimental research that investigates how an individual’s linguistic and cultural background informs their view of the world, and impacts on their thinking processes in adulthood (also known as the linguistic relativity hypothesis). The module then explores the cognitive characteristics of the bilingual individual, focusing on lexical processing and representation, as well as the way in which bilingualism affects cognitive processes such as perception, cognitive control, and moral judgments. The final sessions focus on the cognitive mechanisms by which languages are learned and processed, examining the role of implicit learning and statistical learning in the acquisition process.