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5.8 Remarks on the fundamental theorem of calculus

(i) We write

[F⁢(x)]ab=F⁢(b)-F⁢(a).[F(x)]_{a}^{b}=F(b)-F(a).

(ii) A definite integral is a number, namely an area, and the Theorem says that

∫abF′⁢(t)⁢d⁢t=[F⁢(t)]ab.\int_{a}^{b}F^{\prime}(t)dt=\bigl[F(t)\bigr]_{a}^{b}.

(iii) It is confusing to write F⁢(x)=∫0xf⁢(x)⁢d⁢xF(x)=\int_{0}^{x}f(x)\,dx, so we choose another symbol for the variable of integration.

(iv) The Theorem says that integration is the inverse operation of differentiation. We write

F⁢(x)=∫f⁢(x)⁢d⁢x+C,F(x)=\int f(x)\,dx+C,

where CC is an arbitrary constant. An indefinite integral is a function, which depends upon an arbitrary constant. To check an indefinite integral, differentiate the result.