Also known as machine intelligence, it is problem solving, recognition, and other intelligent-like behavior exhibited by an inanimate device. Computers, and especially programming languages such Lisp, led to an explosion of interest in AI. Examples of the sorts of problems tackled by AI include computer vision, natural language processing and speech recognition. However, the most publicised advances in AI have been made in the field of games playing, the best known example being the supercomputer Deep Blue that defeated the world champion Gary Kasparov in 1997. There are two types of AI: strong and weak. Strong AI, a term credited to the philosopher John Searle, aims at producing computer programs that can truly reason and solve problems, and thus it is intended to be sentient or self-aware. It is distinguished in terms of human-like and non-human-like AI. Weak AI does not claim true reasoning or problem solving, but only that programs can act as if they were intelligent. Perhaps the founding father of AI was Alan M. Turing (1912-1954) and its beginnings in the Turing test. The term AI was coined in 1955 by the MIT computer scientist John McCarthy, the person who devised the computer program Lisp (1958). It was his paper, presented at the Dartmouth College symposium in that year, which really launched AI as an interdisciplinary field of academic study.
See Co-occurrence learning, Cognitive science, Computational models, Connectionist models, Cybernetics, Hixon symposium, Intelligence, Interdiscipline, Monism, Neural net, On-line emergence, Problem solving, Turing test