Foregrounding Checksheet
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A. Note down each deviation and parallelism you can
find in the text:
Deviation
(a) Is the deviation internal (deviates from some established
pattern internal to the text) or external (deviates from some norm external
to the text)?
(b) If the deviation is external, what external norm does it
deviate from (e.g. the norms for English, the norms for the genre, the
norms of the particular author)?
(c) At what linguistic level does the deviation occur:
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Phonetic
Graphological
Metrical
Morphological
Syntactic
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Lexical
Discoursal
Semantic
Pragmatic
Other
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(d) Are there any other deviations occurring at the same place
in the text (if so, re-apply (a)-(c)). Note the extra foregrounding.
(e) Do the deviations lead to new, non-literal meanings for
the text-parts concerned? If so, what are they in each case?
Parallelism
(f) Are there any parallelisms? If so, note the linguistic levels
at which they occur by using the list of levels in (c) above (note that
parallelism may occur at more than one linguistic level at the same
time).
(g) Does the 'parallelism rule' (look for same or opposite meaning)
apply? If so, what is the meaning-result?
B. Examine cohesion and function of foregrounding
(h) How do the foregrounded portions of the text relate together
and contribute to the interpretation of the poem as a whole? Does looking
at the whole pattern help you in any way (i) to interpret particular
deviations or parallelisms that you could not satisfactorily explain
before, or (ii) to reinterpret others?
(i) Note down any other points which occur to you.
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