[M2.23backL]                                                          [M2.23back]									23
                                                                      
[diagrams]                                                            		the shaft is massy and excess of capital small (p 22 5 to 8 )
                                                                      		the idea of expansion or arborescence can hold only in the
                                                                      		two cases 7 and 8 and of these since both are vaulting
                                                                      		capitals (§ ) only 7 has sympathy with the spread of
                                                                      		the arch above, and it is evidently the strongest form
                                                                      		for resistance of vertical pressure the capital 8 having
                                                                      		the appearance of weakness at the point p:  On the other
                                                                      		hand, where the pressure is central in 5 and 6, and the
                                                                      		resistance of the capital edge depends, not on the continuance
                                                                      		though it to the shaft of the lines of resistance,
                                                                      		but on the cohesion of the stone the thicker that stone
                                                                      		the better, the form 5 is mean and weak: and 6 alone
                                                                      		admirable Hence of such capitals 6 and 7 are the true
                                                                      		forms;  Now 7 is evidently a condition of 2a : and
                                                                      		would be very wrong if it were a condition of 2 b as at 9
                                                                      		while 6 is also evidently less strong and less graceful
                                                                      		where it is a condition of 3a as 1 opp than when it is a
                                                                      		condition of 3b (2 opp.)
                                                                      		Such being the main conditions of the profile, we must
                                                                      		next consider the manner in which the profile is affected
                                                                      		by the plan of the abacus and bell:  The latter former is in
                                                                      		its simplest form - square - the latter at its base (in
                                                                      		the present case) circular.  And there are evidently two
                                                                      		ways of reconsidering the upper and lower forms:  as noted
                                                                      		at p 16. By cutting away gradually, we have the great
                                                                      		family of cushion capital: of which the rudest are for
                                                                      		the most part, of the profile a and

[Version 0.05: May 2008]