Birmingham is the second largest city in Britain and capital of England's industrial west Midlands. It was a pioneer city of the Industrial Revolution and home to inventors and scientists including James Watt, Matthew Boulton and Joseph Priestley. Described in the mid-nineteenth-century as the workshop of the world, it eptomized the excesses of the Industrial Revolution. However, under mayors like Joseph Chamberlain pioneering civic development took place. Although Ruskin showered abuse on the cities of the Industrial Revolution his disciple, the architect, John Henry Chamberlain (no relative of Joseph) was active in Birmingham's civic development in which he espoused Ruskin's ideals. Ruskin visited Birmingham in 1877. He speaks disparagingly of 'Birmingham Gothic' ( Works, 28.435; 29.70) and of the pandemonium in its main railroad station ( Works, 28.404). Ruskin refers to a painting of Bonneville in Savoy kept in a collection at Birmingham.