Professor Tony McEnery FAcSS, FRSA

Distinguished Professor

Career Details

I am currently Director of the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science and Distinguished Professor of English Language and Linguistics at Lancaster University.

I was Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Lancaster University, from 2008-2014.

I was Director of Research at the Arts and Humanities Research Council from 2005-2008.

I was Head of Department of the Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, from 2000-2005.

Research Overview

I direct the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science, which was awarded a Queen's Anniversary Prize for its research in 2015.

I undertake research using corpus linguistics in a range of areas across theoretical and applied linguistics. As well as undertaking 'blue skies' research, I have also done applied work with a range of partner organizations in the public sector (e.g. the Department of Culture Media and Sport, the Environment Agency and the Home Office) and the private sector (e.g. with British Telecom, IBM, Nokia and Research in Motion). I have worked on projects in a wide range of languages, including Arabic, Chinese, French, Polish, Portuguese and Spanish. I have also constructed many corpora including the CRATER and EMILLE corpora. The latter remains the largest and most comprehensive collection of written and spoken corpus materials for South Asian languages.

Research Grants

I have received research funding to date of £7,296,714. This has been gained from a wide range of funders including the AHRB, ESRC, NERC, EPSRC, the Leverhulme Trust, the Newby Trust and the European Union. My current research grants are:

I am principal investigator of the Lancaster component of the NERC funded project Analysis of historic drought and water scarcity in the UK: a systems-based study of drivers and impacts (with the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology)
I am principal investigator of the Newby Trust funded project Newspapers, poverty and long-term change. A corpus analysis of five centuries of text
I am principal investigator of the joint Trinity/ESRC funded project Trinity Learner Corpus
I am principal investigator of the ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science
I am co-investigator on the Newton grant Big data media analysis and the representation of urban violence in Brasil (Prof. Elena Semino is the principal investigator)

Research Interests

I am interested principally in the application of corpus methods to a range of questions relating to language in linguistics and beyond. This included topics which touch upon the theoretical core of linguistics, such as theories of aspect, but I look more at issues in applied linguistics such as the representation of Muslims and Islam in the UK Press. I am interested in language as a socially situated phenomenon and have pursued social explanations of langauge use, most notably through my work looking at swearing in English. My commitment to exploring the interaction between langauge and society stretches beyond the here and now - much of my work in this area is rooted in historical exploration. Such explorations are being enabled by the production of large new corpora covering early modern to present day English. I am very happy to be actively involved in the production of such corpora, and other datasets relevant to my research, especially the BNC2014 which is a current focus of effort for me.

Current Teaching

Though I am currently devoting much of my time to research, I am still active in teaching. Each summer I teach on a summer school in corpus linguistics at Lancaster University. I also run a MOOC on the Futurelearn platform, through which I have introduced corpus linguistics to tens of thousands of people. In addition, I supervise postgraduate students at both Masters and PhD levels.

Professional Role

I am a Fellow both of the Academy of Social Sciences and of the Royal Society of Arts.

I am a member of the Audit Committee of the Academy of Social Sciences,

External Roles

I am a member of the Council of the University of Chester.

I have held the following visiting positions:

2015-2020 International Advisor, China Multilingual and Multimodal Corpora and Big Data Centre, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Beijing University of Foreign Studies
2010-2012 Visiting Professor, University of Limerick
2003 Visiting Professor, Beijing Foreign Studies University
1999 Visiting Professor, Chemnitz University, Germany
1997 Visiting Professor, Tohoku State University, Japan
1991 Visiting Lecturer, Aberystwyth University
1990 Visiting Lecturer, Liverpool University

Additional Information

I was awarded the Odzmacsewie Universyteti Łódźkiego (Jubilee Medal) by the University of Łódź in in 1999 for an outstanding contribution to the intellectual life of the University.

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Same sex intercourse in early modern England: a corpus-based investigation
McEnery, A.M., Baker, H.S. 21/06/2017 In: Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics.
Journal article

Language learning research at the intersection of experimental, computational and corpus-based approaches
Rebuschat, P.E., Detmar, M., McEnery, T. 16/06/2017 In: Language Learning. 67, S1, p. 6-13. 8 p.
Journal article

Collocations in corpus-based language learning research: identifying, comparing and interpreting the evidence
Gablasova, D., Brezina, V., McEnery, A.M. 06/2017 In: Language Learning. 67, Suppl. 1, p. 155-179. 25 p.
Journal article

Exploring learner language through corpora: comparing and interpreting corpus frequency information
Gablasova, D., Brezina, V., McEnery, A.M. 06/2017 In: Language Learning. 67, Suppl. 1, p. 130-154. 25 p.
Journal article

Introduction: compiling and analysing the Spoken British National Corpus 2014
McEnery, T., Love, R., Brezina, V. 8/02/2017 In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 22, 3
Editorial

The Spoken BNC2014: designing and building a spoken corpus of everyday conversations
Love, R., Dembry, C., Hardie, A., Brezina, V., McEnery, T. 8/02/2017 In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 22, 3
Special issue

Corpus linguistics and 17th-century prostitution: computational linguistics and history
McEnery, A.M., Baker, H.S. 1/12/2016 Bloomsbury Academic. 271 p. Electronic ISBN: 9781472506092.
Book

The EU’s comprehensive approach as the dominant discourse: a corpus-linguistics analysis of the EU’s counter-piracy narrative
Germond, B., McEnery, T., Marchi, A. 3/02/2016 In: European Foreign Affairs Review. 21, 1, p. 137-156. 20 p.
Journal article

Epistemic stance in spoken L2 English: the effect of task and speaker style
Gablasova, D., Brezina, V., McEnery, T., Boyd, E. 2016 In: Applied Linguistics.
Journal article

Corpora and discourse studies: integrating discourse and corpora
Baker, P., McEnery, T. 1/08/2015 London : Palgrave Macmillan. 320 p. ISBN: 9781137431721.
Book

Who benefits when discourse gets democratised?: analysing a Twitter corpus around the British Benefits Street debate
Baker, P., McEnery, T. 08/2015 In: Corpora and discourse studies. London : Palgrave Macmillan p. 244-265. 22 p. ISBN: 9781137431721.
Chapter

Press and social media reaction to ideologically inspired murder: the case of Lee Rigby
McEnery, T., McGlashan, M., Love, R. 5/02/2015 In: Discourse and Communication. 9, 2, 23 p.
Special issue

Collocations in context: a new perspective on collocation networks
Brezina, V., McEnery, T., Wattam, S. 2015 In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 20, 2, p. 139-173. 35 p.
Journal article

Sublanguage corpus analysis toolkit: a tool for assessing the representativeness and sublanguage characteristics of corpora
Temnikova, I., Baumgartner, W., Hailu, N., Nikolova, I., McEnery, T., Kilgarriff, A., Angelova, G., Cohen, B. 1/05/2014 In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'14). Reykjavik : European Language Resources Association (ELRA) 5 p.
Paper

'Find the doctors of death': press representation of foreign doctors working in the NHS, a corpus based approach
Baker, P., McEnery, T. 2014 In: The discourse reader. London : Routledge
Chapter (peer-reviewed)

The development of corpus linguistics in English and Chinese contexts
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 2014 In: Learner Corpus studies in Asia and the World. Kobe, Japan : School of Languages and Communication, Kobe University p. 7-45. 39 p.
Chapter

Is there a reputational benefit to hosting the Olympics and Paralympics?
McEnery, T., Potts, A., Xiao, R. 23/07/2013
Conference paper

Discourse analysis and media attitudes: the representation of Islam in the British press
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, T. 2013 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 280 p. ISBN: 9781107008823.
Book

Grammar and corpora
Xiao, R., McEnery, T. 2013 In: The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Chichester : Wiley Blackwell ISBN: 9781405194730.
Chapter

London 2012 media impact study: Report for the Department for Culture Media and Sport
McEnery, T., Potts, A., Xiao, R. 2013
Other contribution

Sketching Muslims: a corpus driven analysis of representations around the word ‘Muslim’ in the British press 1998–2009
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, T. 2013 In: Applied Linguistics. 34, 3, p. 255-278. 24 p.
Journal article

The history of corpus linguistics
McEnery, T., Hardie, A. 2013 In: The Oxford handbook of the history of linguistics. Oxford : Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780199585847.
Chapter

The peaks and troughs of corpus-based contextual analysis
Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, T., Diggle, P., Baker, P., ESRC (Funder) 1/01/2012 In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 17, 2, p. 151-175. 25 p.
Journal article

Corpus linguistics : method, theory and practice.
McEnery, T., Hardie, A. 2012 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 294 p. ISBN: 9780521838511 .
Book

¿Una sinergia metodológica útil?: Combinar análisis crítico del discurso y lingüística de corpus para examinar los discursos de los refugiados y solicitantes de asilo en la prensa británica
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., Khosravinik, M., Krzyzanowski, M., McEnery, T., Wodak, R. 2011 In: Discurso y Sociedad. 5, 2, p. 376-416. 41 p.
Journal article

Using Sketch Engine to examine the presentation of Islam and Muslims in the UK press.
Gabrielatos, C., Baker, P., McEnery, T. 10/09/2010
Conference paper

Corpus-Based Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 8/06/2010 London : Routledge. 201 p. ISBN: 978-0-415-99245-9. Electronic ISBN: 978-0-203-84795-4.
Book

A corpus-based approach to text reuse in the newsbooks of the Commonwealth
McEnery, T., Hardie, A., Piao, S. 2010 In: The dissemination of news and the emergence of contemporaneity in early modern Europe . Farnham : Ashgate p. 251-286. 36 p.
Chapter (peer-reviewed)

On two traditions in corpus linguistics, and what they have in common
Hardie, A., McEnery, T. 2010 In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 15, 3, p. 384-394. 11 p.
Journal article

Understanding the Quran: a new grand challenge for computer science and artificial intelligence
Atwell, E., Habash, N., Louw, B., Abu Shawar, B., McEnery, T., Zaghouani, W., El-Haj, M. 2010
Conference paper

What corpora can offer in language teaching and learning
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 2010 In: Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning. London & New York : Routledge p. 364-380. 17 p. ISBN: 978-0805841817.
Chapter

English language: description, variation and context.
Culpeper, J., Katamba, F., Kerswill, P., Wodak, R., McEnery, T. 05/2009 Basingstoke : Palgrave. 718 p. ISBN: 978-1403945907.
Book

A Frequency Dictionary of Mandarin Chinese: Core vocabulary for learners
Xiao, R., Rayson, P., McEnery, T. 2009 London : Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-45586-2.
Book

Corpus linguistics and historical contexts: text reuse and the expression of bias in early modern English journalism
Hardie, A., McEnery, T. 2009 In: Corpora and discourse – and stuff. Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis p. 59-92. 34 p. ISBN: 978-91-7346-669-1.
Chapter

Studying the English language.
Culpeper, J., Katamba, F., Kerswill, P., McEnery, T., Wodak, R. 2009 In: English language : description, variation and context. Basingstoke : Palgrave p. 3-7. 5 p. ISBN: 9781403945891.
Chapter

Negation in Chinese : a corpus-based study.
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 06/2008 In: Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 36, 2, p. 274-330. 57 p.
Journal article

A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press.
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., Khosravinik, M., Krzyzanowski, M., McEnery, A.M., Wodak, R. 05/2008 In: Discourse and Society. 19, 3, p. 273-306. 34 p.
Journal article

Using collocational profiling to investigate the construction of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in the UK press.
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, A.M. 03/2008
Conference paper

Construction and annotation of a corpus of contemporary Nepali
Yadava, Y., Hardie, A., Lohani, R., Regmi, B.N., Gurung, S., Gurung, A., McEnery, T., Allwood, J., Hall, P. 2008 In: Corpora. 3, 2, p. 213-225. 13 p.
Journal article

Using collocation analysis to reveal the construction of minority groups: The case of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in the UK press.
Baker, P., McEnery, T., Gabrielatos, C. 30/07/2007
Conference paper

Quantifying constructions in English and Chinese: A corpus-based contrastive study
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 28/07/2007 In: Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics Conference CL2007 University of Birmingham, UK 27-30 July 2007. Lancaster : Lancaster University
Paper

Parallel and comparable corpora: The state of play
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 2007 In: Corpus-Based Perspectives in Linguistics. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company p. 131–145. 15 p. ISBN: 978 90 272 3318 9.
Chapter

Parallel and comparable corpora: What are they up to?
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 2007 In: Incorporating Corpora: Translation and the Linguist. Clevedon, UK : Multilingual Matters ISBN: 978-1-85359-986-6.
Chapter

Collocation, semantic prosody and near synonymy: A cross-linguistic perspective.
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 03/2006 In: Applied Linguistics. 27, 1, p. 103-129. 27 p.
Journal article

A glossary of corpus linguistics.
Baker, P., Hardie, A., McEnery, T. 2006 Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press. 192 p. ISBN: 978 0 7486 2018 0.
Book

Can completive and durative adverbials function as tests for telicity?: Evidence from English and Chinese
Xiao, R., McEnery, T. 2006 In: Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory. 2, 1, p. 1-21. 21 p.
Journal article

Corpus-based language studies : an advanced resource book.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z., Tono, Y. 2006 London : Routledge. 386 p. ISBN: 0415286220.
Book

Corpus-building for South Asian languages
Hardie, A., Baker, P., McEnery, T., Jayaram, B.D. 2006 In: Lesser-known languages in South Asia: Status and Policies, Case Studies and Applications of Information Technology. Mouton de Gruyter p. 211-242. 32 p.
Chapter

English corpus linguistics.
McEnery, A.M., Gabrielatos, C. 2006 In: The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford : Blackwell p. 33-71. 39 p. ISBN: 9781405113823.
Chapter

Passive constructions in English and Chinese: a corpus-based contrastive study
Xiao, R., McEnery, T., Qian, Y. 2006 In: Languages in Contrast. 6, 1, p. 109-149. 41 p.
Journal article

Statistics.
Hardie, A., McEnery, T. 2006 In: Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford : Elsevier p. 138-146. 9 p.
Chapter

Comparing and combining a semantic tagger and a statistical tool for MWE extraction.
Songlin Piao, S., Rayson, P., Archer, D., McEnery, T. 1/10/2005 In: Computer Speech and Language. 19, 4, p. 378-397. 20 p.
Journal article

Passive constructions in English and Chinese: A corpus-based contrastive study .
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 14/07/2005 In: Proceedings from the Corpus Linguistics Conference Series. 1, 1
Journal article

HELP or HELP to: What do corpora have to say?
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 04/2005 In: English Studies. 86, 2, p. 161-187. 27 p.
Journal article

Two approaches to genre analysis: three genres in modern American English .
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 1/03/2005 In: Journal of English Linguistics. 33, 1, p. 62-82. 21 p.
Journal article

A corpus-based approach to discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in UN and newspaper texts.
Baker, P., McEnery, T. 2005 In: Journal of Language and Politics. 4, 2, p. 197-226. 30 p.
Journal article

A corpus-based approach to tense and aspect in English-Chinese translation
Xiao, R., McEnery, T. 2005 In: Translation and Contrastive Studies. Shanghai : Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press p. 114-157. 34 p. ISBN: 978-7544611046.
Chapter

A large semantic lexicon for corpus annotation : Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics 2005 Conference, July 14-17, Birmingham, UK.
Piao, S., Archer, D., Mudraya, O., Rayson, P., Garside, R., McEnery, T., Wilson, A. 2005 In: Proceedings from the Corpus Linguistics Conference Series. 1, 1
Journal article

A large semantic lexicon for corpus annotation.
Piao, S.S.L., Archer, D., Mudraya, O., Rayson, P., Garside, R., McEnery, A.M., Wilson, A. 2005 In: Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2005 conference.. Birmingham
Paper

Anaphora Processing: Linguistic, Cognitive And Computational Modelling: Selected Papers From Daarc 2002.
Branco, A., McEnery, A.M., Mitkov, R. 2005 Amsterdam : John Benjamins. 449 p. ISBN: 978 90 272 4777 3.
Book

Character encoding in corpus construction.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 2005 In: Developing Linguistic Corpora : A Guide to Good Practice. Oxford, UK : AHDS
Chapter

Epistemic modality in MA dissertations.
Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, T. 2005 In: Lengua y Sociedad . Spain : Universidad de Valladolid p. 311-331. 21 p. ISBN: 84-8448-342-8.
Chapter

Situation aspect: A two-level approach.
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 2005 In: Crosslinguistic Views on Tense, Aspect and Modality. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Rodopi bv p. 185-200. 16 p. ISBN: 90-420-1754-6.
Chapter

Swearing in English: Bad Language, Purity and Power from 1586 to the Present.
McEnery, A.M. 2005 London : Routledge. 276 p. ISBN: 978-0415258371.
Book

Aspect in Mandarin Chinese: a corpus based study
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 30/11/2004 Amsterdam, The Netherlands : John Benjamins. 305 p. ISBN: 9789027230836.
Book

Corpus linguistics and South Asian languages : corpus creation and tool development.
Baker, P., Hardie, A., McEnery, T., Xiao, R.Z., Bontcheva, K., Cunningham, H., Gaizauskas, R., Hamza, O., Maynard, D., Tablan, V., Ursu, C., Jayaram, B.D., Leisher, M. 11/2004 In: Literary and Linguistic Computing. 19, 4, p. 509-524. 16 p.
Journal article

The use of corpora in the study of collocation and semantic prosody, exemplified through corpus data from English and Mandarin Chinese.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 09/2004
Speech

Swearing in modern British English: the case of fuck in the BNC.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 08/2004 In: Language and Literature. 13, 3, p. 235-268. 34 p.
Journal article

A corpus-based two-level model of situation aspect.
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 1/07/2004 In: Journal of Linguistics. 40, 2, p. 325-363. 39 p.
Journal article

The Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese: A corpus for monolingual and contrastive language study
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 05/2004 In: LREC .
Chapter

Computational linguistics meets metadata, or the automatic extraction of key words from full text content
Deegan, M., Short, H., Archer, D., Baker, P., McEnery, T., Rayson, P. 15/04/2004 In: RLG Diginews. 8, 2
Journal article

Developing Asian language corpora: standards and practice.
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M., Baker, J.P., Hardie, A. 25/03/2004
Conference paper

A tool for assisting translators using automatic semantic annotation
Sharoff, S., Rayson, P., Mudraya, O., Wilson, A., McEnery, T. 01/2004
Conference paper

Comparing the UCREL semantic annotation scheme with lexicographical taxonomies.
Archer, D., Rayson, P., Piao, S., McEnery, A.M. 2004 In: Proceedings of the EURALEX-2004 conference. France p. 817-827. 11 p.
Paper

Evaluating lexical resources for a semantic tagger
Piao, S., Rayson, P., Archer, D., McEnery, A.M. 2004 In: Proceedings of LREC 2004. p. 499-502. 4 p.
Paper

Investigating the presentation of speech, writing and thought in British English : a corpus-based approach.
McIntyre, D., Bellard-Thomson, C., Heywood, J., McEnery, A.M., Semino, E., Short, M.H. 2004 In: ICAME Journal. 28, p. 49-76. 28 p.
Journal article

Lancaster speech, writing and thought presentation spoken corpus.
Short, M.H., Semino, E., McEnery, A.M. 2004
Other contribution

Polsko-angielska gramatyka kontrastywna konstrukcji złożonych oparta na językowym materiale korpusowym – projekt badawczy.
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., Dziwirek, K., McEnery, A.M. 2004 In: Wrocławska Dyskusja o Języku Polskim jako Obcym – Materiały z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Stowarzyszenia. Wroclaw : Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe p. 221-228. 8 p.
Chapter

The Lancaster corpus of Mandarin Chinese: a corpus for monolingual and contrastive language study.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, Z. 2004 In: Proceedings of LREC 2004. p. 1175-1178. 4 p.
Chapter

The UCREL semantic analysis system.
Rayson, P., Archer, D., Piao, S., McEnery, A.M. 2004 In: Proceedings of the beyond named entity recognition semantic labelling for NLP tasks workshop, Lisbon, Portugal, 2004. Lisbon p. 7-12. 6 p.
Paper

The Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 12/2003
Other contribution

Aspect Marking in English and Chinese: Using the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese for Contrastive Language Study.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z., Mo, L. 11/2003 In: Literary and Linguistic Computing. 18, 4, p. 361-378. 18 p.
Journal article

Extracting Multiword Expressions with a Semantic Tagger
Piao, S., Rayson, P., Archer, D., Wilson, A., McEnery, T. 07/2003
Conference paper

The ‘were’ subjunctive in British rural dialects : marrying corpus and questionnaire data.
Hardie, A., McEnery, T. 05/2003 In: Computers and the Humanities. 37, 2, p. 205-228. 24 p.
Journal article

Contrasting tense and aspect in English and Chinese: A corpus-based perspective.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 04/2003 UK : ESRC, 8 p.
Working paper

Developing an automated semantic analysis system for Early Modern English
Archer, D., McEnery, T., Rayson, P., Hardie, A. 03/2003
Conference paper

Fuck revisited.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, Z. 03/2003 In: Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference. Lancaster : Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, Lancaster University p. 504-512. 9 p.
Conference contribution

A corpus of seventeenth-century English news reportage: construction, encoding and applications.
Archer, D., Hardie, A., McEnery, T., Piao, S. 2003 In: Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics 2003 conference.. Lancaster University : Department of Linguistics
Chapter

A tool for text comparison.
Piao, S.S.L., McEnery, A.M. 2003 In: Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference. Lancaster : Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, Lancaster University p. 637-646. 10 p.
Chapter

Constructing corpora of South Asian languages.
Baker, P., Hardie, A., McEnery, T., Jayaram, B. 2003
Conference paper

Corpora, translation and multilingual computing.
Baker, P., McEnery, A.M. 2003 In: Corpora in translator education. Manchester : St. Jerome Press p. 89-102. 14 p.
Chapter

Corpus data for South Asian language processing.
Baker, P., Hardie, A., McEnery, T., Jayaram, B.D. 2003 In: Proceeding of the EACL workshop on South Asian languages. Budapest p. 1-8. 8 p.
Chapter

Corpus linguistics by the Lune: a festschrift for Geoffrey Leech
Wilson, A., Rayson, P., McEnery, A.M. 2003 Frankfurt : Peter Lang. 305 p. ISBN: 3631509522.
Book

Corpus linguistics.
McEnery, A.M. 2003 In: The Oxford handbook of computational linguistics. Oxford : Oxford University Press p. 448-463. 16 p. ISBN: 0198238827.
Chapter

Developing an automated semantic analysis system for early modern English.
Archer, D., McEnery, T., Rayson, P., Hardie, A. 2003 In: Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference. Lancaster : Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, University of Lancaster p. 22-31. 10 p.
Chapter

Porting an English semantic tagger to the Finnish language
Löfberg, L., Archer, D., Piao, S., Rayson, P., McEnery, A.M., Varantola, K., Juntunen, J. 2003 In: Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference.. Lancaster : Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, University of Lancaster p. 457-464. 8 p.
Paper

Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference.
Archer, D., Rayson, P., Wilson, A., McEnery, A.M. 2003 Lancaster : Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, University of Lancaster. 939 p. ISBN: 1 86220 131 5.
Book

The construction of a corpus to investigate the presentation of speech, thought and writing in written and spoken British English.
McIntyre, D., Bellard-Thomson, C., Heywood, J., McEnery, A.M., Semino, E., Short, M. 2003 In: Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference. Lancaster : Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, Lancaster University p. 513-522. 10 p.
Chapter

Help or help to: What do corpora have to say?
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 1/11/2002
Conference paper

Situation aspect as a universal aspect: implications for artificial languages
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 09/2002 In: Journal of Universal Language. 3, 2, p. 139-177. 39 p.
Journal article

A corpus-based approach to tense and aspect in English-Chinese translation.
Xiao, R.Z., McEnery, A.M. 8/08/2002
Conference paper

A two-level approach to situation aspect
Xiao, R., McEnery, T. 18/06/2002
Conference paper

Domains, text types, aspect marking and English-Chinese translation
McEnery, T., Xiao, R. 22/05/2002
Conference paper

Domains, text types, aspect marking and English-Chinese translation.
McEnery, A.M., Xiao, R.Z. 03/2002 In: Languages in Contrast. 2, 2, p. 211-229. 19 p.
Journal article

A Rainbow of Corpora: Corpus Linguistics and the Languages of the World
Wilson, A., Rayson, P., McEnery, A.M. 2002 Munich : Lincom-Europa. 174 p. ISBN: 3895868728.
Book

A multilingual corpus toolkit
Piao, S., Wilson, A., McEnery, T. 2002 In: AAACL-2002 Conference. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
Conference contribution

A unicode-based environment for creation and use of language resources.
Tablan, V., Ursu, C., Bontcheva, K., Cunningham, H., Maynard, D., Hamza, O., McEnery, A.M., Baker, P., Leisher, M. 2002 In: Proceedings of LREC 2002. p. 66-71. 6 p.
Chapter

EMILLE: a 67-million word corpus of Indic languages: data collection, mark-up and harmonization.
Baker, P., Hardie, A., McEnery, T., Cunningham, H., Gaizauskas, R. 2002 In: Proceedings of LREC 2002. Lancaster : Lancaster University p. 819-827. 9 p.
Chapter

Lexis, indirectness and politeness in operator calls.
McEnery, A.M., Baker, J.P., Cheepen, C. 2002 In: New frontiers in corpus research. Amsterdam : Rodopi p. 53-69. 17 p.
Chapter

Proximal and distal demonstratives: a corpus based study.
Botley, S., McEnery, A.M. 09/2001 In: Journal of English Linguistics. 29, 3, p. 214-233. 20 p.
Journal article

Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics 2001 conference
Rayson, P., Wilson, A., McEnery, T., Hardie, A., Khoja, S. 04/2001 Lancaster : University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers. 635 p. ISBN: 1 86220 107 2.
Book

Demonstratives in English: a corpus based study.
Botley, S., McEnery, A.M. 03/2001 In: Journal of English Linguistics. 29, 1, p. 7-33. 27 p.
Journal article

Corpus linguistics : an introduction.
McEnery, A.M., Wilson, A. 2001 Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press. 235 p. ISBN: 0748611657.
Book

Multi-word unit alignment in English-Chinese parallel corpora
Piao, S., McEnery, T. 2001 In: The Corpus Linguistic 2001 Conference. Lancaster p. 466-475. 10 p.
Conference contribution

A new agenda for corpus linguistics – working with all of the world’s languages.
McEnery, A.M., Ostler, N. 12/2000 In: Literary and Linguistic Computing. 15, 4, p. 403-420. 18 p.
Journal article

Building a corpus of spoken sylheti.
Baker, J.P., Lie, M., McEnery, A.M., Sebba, M. 12/2000 In: Literary and Linguistic Computing. 15, 4, p. 421-432. 12 p.
Journal article

Assessing claims about language use with corpus data – swearing and abuse.
McEnery, A.M., Baker, J.P., Hardie, A. 2000 In: Corpora galore. Amsterdam : Rodopi p. 45-55. 11 p. ISBN: 9042004193.
Chapter

Authorship studies/textual statistics.
McEnery, A.M., Oakes, M.P. 2000 In: Handbook of natural language processing. Dallas : Marcel Dekker Inc p. 234-248. 15 p.
Chapter

Building a parallel corpus of English/Punjabi.
Singh, S., McEnery, A.M., Baker, J.P. 2000 In: Parallel text processing. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers p. 335-347. 13 p.
Chapter

Corpus resources and minority language engineering.
McEnery, A.M., Baker, P. 2000 In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on language resources and evaluation. Athens p. 801-806. 6 p.
Chapter

Discourse anaphora and resolution: studies in corpus linguistics.
McEnery, A.M., Botley, S. 2000 Amsterdam : John Benjamins.
Book

EMILLE: towards a corpus of South Asian languages.
McEnery, A.M., Baker, J.P., Gaizauskas, R., Cunningham, H. 2000 In: Br. Comput. Soc. Machine Trans. Specialist Group. 11, p. 1-9. 9 p.
Journal article

Inducing part-of-speech tagged lexicons from large corpora.
Smith, N.I., McEnery, A.M. 2000 In: Recent advances in natural language processing 2. Amsterdam : John Benjamins p. 21-30. 10 p.
Chapter

Language teaching: corpus based help for teaching grammar.
McEnery, A.M., Wilson, A., Baker, J.P. 2000 In: Jornada de Corpus Linguistics. 6, p. 65-77. 13 p.
Journal article

Lexical problem areas in the PELCRA learner corpus of English.
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., Lenko-Szymanska, A., McEnery, A.M. 2000 In: Practical applications of language corpora. Hamburg : Peter Lang p. 303-312. 10 p.
Chapter

Linguistic Corpora and Language Teaching: corpus based help for teaching grammar.
McEnery, T., Wilson, A., Baker, J.P. 2000 In: VI Jornada de Corpus Lingüístics. Corpus lingüístics i ensenyament de llengües. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona. : Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada p. 65-77. 13 p.
Chapter

Minority language engineering.
McEnery, A.M., Baker, J.P. 2000 In: Practical applications of language corpora. Hamburg : Peter Lang p. 411-428. 18 p.
Chapter

Multilingual Corpora in Teaching and Research.
Botley, S.P., McEnery, A.M., Wilson, A. 2000 Amsterdam : Rodopi. 230 p. ISBN: 9042005416.
Book

Parallel alignment in English and Chinese
McEnery, A.M., Piao, S.L., Xu, X. 2000 In: Multilingual corpora: teaching and research. Amsterdam : Rodopi p. 177-191. 15 p.
Chapter

Proceedings of the 3rd discourse anaphora and reference resolution colloquium.
Baker, P., Hardie, A., McEnery, T., Siewierska, A. 2000 Lancaster : University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language Technical Papers, 237 p.
Working paper

Reference resolution: the state of the art.
McEnery, A.M., Botley, S. 2000 In: Discourse anaphora and resolution. Amsterdam : John Benjamins p. 1-41. 41 p.
Chapter

Rethinking language pedagogy from a corpus perspective.
Burnard, L., McEnery, A.M. 2000 Hamburg : Peter Lang. 261 p.
Book

Swearing and abuse in modern British English
McEnery, T., Baker, P., Hardie, A. 2000 In: PALC ’99: Practical Applications in Language Corpora. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang p. 37-48. 12 p.
Paper

The background to parallel corpus alignment.
Oakes, M.P., McEnery, A.M. 2000 In: Multilingual corpora: teaching and research. Amsterdam : Rodopi p. 1-37. 37 p.
Chapter

Building a corpus of spoken sylheti.
Lie, M., Baker, P., McEnery, A.M., Sebba, M. 1999 In: Proceedings of the 3rd conference of the foundation for endangered languages. Bath : Foundation for Endangered Languages p. 67-75. 9 p.
Chapter

Issues in transcribing a corpus of children's hand-written projects.
Smith, N., McEnery, T., Ivanic, R. 1998 In: Literary and Linguistic Computing. 13, 4, p. 217-225. 9 p.
Journal article

Word-Length Distributions in Biblical and Medieval Latin.
Wilson, A., McEnery, A.M. 1998 In: Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics. 70, p. 5-21. 17 p.
Journal article

A Corpus/annotation toolbox
McEnery, T., Rayson, P. 01/1997 In: Corpus Annotation: Linguistic Information from Computer Text Corpora. London : Longman p. 194-208. 15 p.
Chapter

Teaching grammar again after twenty years: corpus based help for grammar teaching
Baker, P., Wilson, A., McEnery, T. 1997 In: ReCALL. 9, 2, p. 8-16. 9 p.
Journal article

A Statistical Analysis of Corpus Based Computer vs Traditional Human Teaching Methods of Part of Speech Analysis
McEnery, T., Baker, P., Wilson, A. 1995 In: Computer Assisted Language Learning. 8, 2-3, p. 259-274. 15 p.
Journal article

A brief report on a statistical analysis of corpus-based versus traditional human-teaching methods of part-of-speech analysis
Baker, P., McEnery, T., Wilson, A. 1995 In: Language Testing Update. 18, p. 59-62. 3 p.
Journal article

Argument Frame Extraction and Term Clustering from an English-French Bilingual Aligned Corpus
Garside, R., McEnery, T., Rayson, P. 01/1993 Lancaster University
Working paper

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