31											7
                                                                      
                                                                      	1st. then:  Analysis of general idea of Pier or Pillar sup-
                                                                      ports.  (It has been stated that the best form of the
                                                                      pier is the cylindrical:  the relations of which we shall
                                                                      therefore first examine)  Whatever the superstruction
                                                                      evidently the first thing to be done is to establish a
                                                                      connection between the detached portions of wall or
                                                                      detached pillars.
                                                                      It is evident also that this can be done only in one of
                                                                      four ways:  By solid lintels from pillar to pillar;  a By
                                                                      sloping blocks or beams from pillar to pillar, b. By wedge
                                                                      lintels c or by araches d.
                                                                      Now in every one of these cases, by the introduction of a
                                                                      broaded flat stone at the top of the pillar to receive
                                                                      the superincumbent masonry, that masonry may be made
                                                                      bolder and more secure, as a, b, c, d;  or some of it may
                                                                      be altogether sparedand smaller masses of stone employed
                                                                      as a2, d2, (x)  Vid below)
                                                                      In this arrangement however the portions of the superim-
                                                                      posed cap or headstone which project ar[n]e necesarily
                                                                      weak;  This fault may be remedied by the introduction of
                                                                      a third stone, builded off to the pillar; as a3 (x)vid p 8)
                                                                      
                                                                      	 (x)  As compared with the arrangements a and b the
                                                                      arrangements a, b, have two advantages  The first, that
                                                                      a superincumbent weight which woul[,]d break the lntels
                                                                      lintols of

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