Staff Research Interests
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Amin's main areas of research interest correlate with his teaching, and consist of two inter-related legal disicplines: Law and Religion and Public Law.
Amin's research focuses on the role played by religious tribunals in Western legal systems. Over the past few years, he has led cutting-edge research on a novel type of religious tribunal in the UK, namely Islamic Shariah tribunals. After conducting fieldwork research at four of the most prominent of these tribunals, Dr Al-Astewani submitted written evidence to Parliament on the legal status of their decisions and practices, as part of the government’s first public review of Shariah councils in the UK. His evidence was subsequently cited by over twenty media outlets, including internationally.
As part of his engagement with communal organisations and bodies, Dr Al-Astewani has also advised the UK Board of Shariah Councils on the legal status of Islamic Tribunals. He continues to offer his expertise and advice to both policy-makers and Shariah councils on the legal status and role of Islamic tribunals in the modern English legal system.
My research explores consensual sibling incest in contemporary fiction, TV, and film. Arguing that its popularity speaks to more than an illicit fascination but is a pervasive, discursive phenomenon, I consider how the modern reframing of the trope reflects contemporary uncertainties surrounding normative sexualities and familial relationships
Dr Austen-Baker's interests are in common law, particularly contracts (history, theory and doctrine), also commercial law and the law of torts and of common law remedies.
Dr. Blakely's research centres on intellectual property law, intangible cultural heritage, and digitisation, through an interdisciplinary lens. Her current research involves copyright and culture in virtual worlds. Dr. Blakely's forthcoming book, How Technology and Copyright Law Shape Culture: The Tangification of Intangible Cultural Heritage, will be published in 2023. She also serves as the Director for the Centre for Law and Society.
She completed her PhD research at University of Glasgow School of Law on Intellectual Property and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Celtic-Derived Countries, under an AHRC fully funded scholarship. She received her JD, cum laude, from University of California, Hastings College of the Law (Intellectual Property); LLM, merit, from University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies (Law, Development, and Governance); and ALB, cum laude, from Harvard University (Extension Studies: Psychology and Legal Studies). Dr. Blakely's previous professional legal training includes positions with NBC-Universal in Partnerships, Licensing & Digital as well as at the USC Institute for Innovation in Research Dev. & Technology Transfer. She was a 2018-19 Insitute for Social Futures Fellow.
Dr Bryan's research interests centre on the following: Administration of Criminal Justice; Laws of Evidence; Criminal Law; Culpability; Criminalisation; Procedural Justice; Legal History; Freedom of Expression; Civil Liberties; Domestic, Regional and International Human Rights; Law and Religion; Legal Theory.
My research interests are in the law of contract, the application of economic and social theories to law, and the theory and practice of regulation. My recent writings in these areas include Contractual Relations: A Contribution to the Critique of the Classical Law of Contract, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2022; ‘Understanding Authoritarian Legality in Hong Kong: What Can Dicey and Rawls Tell Us?’, Weitseng Chen and Hualing Fu, eds, Authoritarian Legality in Asia: Formation, Development and Transition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 143-68 (with R Cullen); and ‘The ‘Market’ in the Theory of Regulation’ (2018) 27 Social and Legal Studies 545-71.
Dr Chatterjee’s work spans a wide range of academic subjects. She interrogates interdisciplinary aspects of cyberlaw. She has interests in cybercrime, AI, robotics, gender/sexuality. Her most recent scholarship is on widening participation in law, business attire and fashion.
Georgina's current research is in the area of land and property law with a particular focus on cohabitation.
Her research interests include socio-legal history, gender and the law, feminism, equality and legal/political discourse.
My research interests include International Human Rights Law, International Criminal Law and Public International Law.
I work at the intersection of law & corpus linguistics, developing corpora and methods to analyse family justice system data. I also work on language and law projects including SafeGen (a corpus analysis of global safeguarding policies), "The sayable & the un-sayable" (state regulation of speech), & cyber-regulation of online hate/fake news. I have led/co-led research projects in excess of £3.5m for The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the Nuffield Foundation, and Research England.
Dr Easton's research interests focus upon internet governance, domain name regulation, intellectual property, access to technology and human/computer interaction. Dr Easton also carries out research on teaching law with technology.
Sofia’s main research interests are in the fields of insolvency law and financial law. She is looking at various jurisdictions such as the UK, Cyprus, Ireland and USA. In particular, she is interested in areas like corporate and business rescue, rescue funding, financing of distressed SMEs, asset-based lending and balancing the interests of stakeholders in times of distress. Sofia is also really interested in using empirical research methodologies like quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
Georgina Firth's research interests include criminal justice, human rights, gender perspectives and immigration and asylum law. In particular, she concentrates on effective reform of (1) the legal processes surrounding the law of rape and (2) the asylum process, particularly with regard to the treatment of women and children. Her aim is to draw on her professional experience of working in the legal system to attempt to build bridges between academia and practice in these areas.
I focus on the challenges and opportunities that new technologies create for policing. I am a former police officer: a qualified Detective Constable, Tier Three Witness Interviewer, Specialist Child Abuse Investigator, and Digital Media Investigator. As a result, I am driven to deliver teaching and research that has a tangible impact on criminal investigations and the protection of the public.
My research including my PhD thesis has focused on the ways in which we think about emerging threats and mobilise responses to those threats. I have published work on maritime cyber security, mobile technologies, and the Gray Zone between war and peace.
Professor Gillespie’s main research interests relate to cybercrime, particularly in respect of child sexual exploitation. Much of his work relates to child pornography, child grooming and child solicitation but also includes broader forms of cybercrime. Professor Gillespie also has research interests in legal systems and evidence, particularly covert surveillance. Professor Gillespie has been called to act as an expert advisor to the UN, Council of Europe, EU and prosecutors & the judiciary from around the world. He has also advised the Home Office, Ministry of Justice and Sentencing Council.
On February 03, 2017 Heads of State and Government of the Member States of the European Union at the end of an Informal Summit in Malta adopted the Malta Declaration to cooperate with Libya on external migration to control the influx of irregular migration, smuggling and human trafficking along the Central Mediterranean Route to the European Union. The agreement provides technical, policing, naval equipment and financial support to the Libyan coast guard and other authorities to intercept, push back and return migrants to Libya and countries of origin. This agreement has been criticized by many human rights treaty bodies, legal experts, human rights and humanitarian NGOs who argue that the Declaration circumvents EU asylum law and violates the universal principle of non-refoulement under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The goal of this research project is to examine the extent to which the Malta Declaration breaches the non-refoulment principle.
International Law; International Environmental Law; Human Rights Law; International Organisations; Climate Change Law; Sustainable Development; Global Governance; Interngenerational Justice; Transitional Justice.
I have over thirty years of experience in conducting socio-legal research in national and international contexts, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, the ESRC, the DfE, the EU and Unicef. I joined Lancaster University in 2016 on a 60% contract and am based in the Law School where I hold a Chair in socio-legal studies. I helped set up the interdisciplinary Centre for Child and Family Justice Research and I co-direct the Centre with Professor Karen Broadhurst, Sociology.
Rachel's research interests include Children's Rights, Education Law, Health and Wellbeing. She is also interested in Socio-Legal Research Methods, particularly Digital Methods and Innovation, and Research Ethics.
Laura's research consists of two separate strands: Public International Law and Legal Education.
In Public International Law, Laura's research interests focus on the areas of International Diplomatic Law and International Human Rights Law. She has recently completed a monograph based upon her doctoral research on the issue of diplomatic asylum under international law, which was published in 2021. This work focuses on exploring whether a legal basis for the practice of diplomatic asylum can be identified in treaty law, customary international law or based upon humanitarian considerations.
Laura's collaborative research in the field of Legal Education (with colleagues Dr Noel McGuirk and Dr Rafael Savva) focuses on advancing student support provision in Legal Education. In several forthcoming publications, a taxonomy and a set of design principles to promote student wellbeing are introduced. Currently, Laura, Noel and Rafael are also undertaking empirical research in this regard.
Dr Letwin is a Lecturer in Law. He convenes the Tort Law module and teaches Public Law.
His main areas of interest are Human Rights Law, Public Law, Jurisprudence, Environmental Law and Tort Law. His work has been published in a number of leading law journals, including the Human Rights Law Review, Public Law, the European Human Rights Law Review, and the ECHR Law Review. He has also published case notes in the Modern Law Review and the Cambridge Law Journal.
Dr Letwin completed his PhD at KCL. His thesis was entitled ‘A Theory of the Moral Foundations of the European Convention on Human Rights’. Before coming to Lancaster in September 2023, he was the judicial assistant to the Senior President of Tribunals in the Court of Appeal, and a Visiting Lecturer at KCL. Before his PhD he completed his LLM at UCL and his LLB at KCL, and was called to the Bar at Middle Temple.
Dr Letwin’s current research concerns four main themes: (1) climate change litigation in ECtHR; (2) subsidiarity in the jurisprudence of the UK courts and the ECtHR; (3) sources and standards of legitimacy for the ECtHR; and (4) the philosophical basis of the doctrine of proportionality. As well as working on projects related to these themes, Dr Letwin is also working on the publication of his thesis as a monograph.
In his spare time, Dr Letwin is a keen rock climber, ice climber, and alpinist, and is a member of the Alpine Club.
Ou's researech interests lie in the field of employment law. She is particuarly interested in the regulation of platform work and other precarious employment relations. In addtion to doctrinal analysis of the law, she embraces socio-legal methods to observe the interactions between law and the real world.
Ou's doctoral thesis examines 'Workers' Spontaneous Struggles and Resistance in the Chinese On-Demand Economy'. It draws on initial insights gained from her role as the Principal Investigator for the research project 'Empirical Research and Legal Solutions for On-Demand Work', funded by the Chinese Ministry of Education. Specifically, the thesis addresses the question of how the choices of the on-demand workers are influenced by the unique legal, social, and economic context in which they live and work.
My current research is focused on citizen participation and constitutionalism in weak states. I am interested in research on post conflict reconstruction, civil conflicts in fragmented societies and ethnic instrumentalization in politics.
Angus MacCulloch's research interests lie primarily in Competition Law, particularly antitrust and enforcement issues, and EU Law, particularly free movement of goods, but he retains a wider interest in Regulation, White Collar Crime, and IP law.
The majority of his recent Competition Law work focuses on the impact of the introduction of the UK's cartel offence and the wider global move towards the criminalisation of cartel activity. The research has examined the value of the adoption of criminal sanctions, the different type of criminal sanctions utilised in different jurisdictions, and the problems they have and will face in practice.
His recent EU Law research has focussed on EU law’s attempt to balance the often competition goals of enhancing free trade/competition and protecting public health.
My primary research interests are in land and property law, with a particular interest in environmental law, law and politics and legal history. Much of my research concerns the influence of pressure groups and commercial lobbies on the emergence of public policy.
Terrorism, counterterrorism, human rights, profiling, international law, public and administrative law.
Scholarship interests
Tina's scholarship interests are in skills development; widening participation; equality, diversity and inclusion; decolonising the curriculum; and legal education.
My interest explores Race, Youth, Gender and exclusion. My recent book Race, Recognition, and Retribution in Contemporary Youth Justice (the Intractability/Malleability Thesis) gives a socio-historic account of Black, British and Canadian youth’s contemporary high rates of punishment. The research historicizes race and racialization in contemporary youth justice. The work locates penalty beyond the penal estate, into racialized youth’s everyday lives. Penalty is more appropriately examined as constitutive of everyday cross institutional experiences. Following a Critical Race Theory logic, the racialization of punitiveness in contemporary YJ reflects continuities of racialized peoples’ historic exclusion from the benefits of modern, universal rights.
Professor Milman has wide interests in the area of international business law. He is an expert on Corporate Law and on Insolvency Law. Within Corporate Law, he specialises in the law relating to private companies. Within Insolvency Law, his interests extend to both Corporate Insolvency and Personal Insolvency. Generally, he undertakes research within the broad area of Business Organisations, specialising in the Law of Parternship and Limited Liability Partnerships. He researches in Comparative Law in relation to the above subject areas and is currently committed to examining Sharia Law aspects.
My main research interests are unknowing victims of crime (BJC2023, IJPSM2023), the legal and societal responses to child abusive images (IRV2018), the sexual grooming of children and child sexual exploitation, health care/medical law and bioethics (particularly exploitation in health care, breaches of the sexual boundaries between doctors and patients and the impact of criminal law on bioethics and health care practice) and law and literature. I have recently completed a book analysing exploitation (conceptually, ethically and legally) in the doctor-patient relationship. I have recently completed a project on unknowing victims of child abusive images, funded by the British Academy.
Thomas' main areas of interest are:
- International Human Rights Law, focusing on the Right to Health
- Business and Human Rights, focusing on Pharmaceutical Companies
- International Law, focusing on accountability of non-state actors,
- Medical Law, focusing on access to medical treatment
- Research Methods/Methodologies, focusing on the interaction of socio-legal and sociological methodologies.
My research focuses on the intersection of technology, crime and security. I study how new and emerging technologies may impact people's lives and society using qualitative methods. My most recent work concerns automated social security and automated affect recognition.
Dr Potter's primary research interests are in the fields of illegal drugs (drug use, drug markets, social supply of drugs, cannabis cultivation, links between drugs and crime) and green criminology (illegal wildlife trade, environmental harm as crime, environmental harm as a cause of crime, environmental protest).
My current research interest is CBD culture, specifically focusing on CBD's role in legalising cannabis and cannabis markets domestically and internationally. My research explores CBD in all its forms, analysing why people consume CBD, whom they consume it with/the environment it is taken.
Professor Skogly's main research interest lie in International Law, International Human Rights Law - in particular human rights obligations and economic, social and cultural rights, Law of International Institutions. I recent years she has focused her research on states' extraterritorial human rights obligations, and Human Rights of Future Generations.
David Sugarman is Professor of Law Emeritus at the Law School of Lancaster University, UK; Senior Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London; and Senior Associate of the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford. Having gained an undergraduate law degree (LLB) at Hull University, he completed graduate work in law at Cambridge University as a William Senior Scholar in Comparative Law (LLM and Diploma in Comparative Legal Studies), and Harvard Law School (LLM), where he was awarded a doctorate (SJD). He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences and an Honorary Fellow of the American Society for Legal History.
His writing and teaching engage with law, history, politics and society, traversing legal history, company law, international human rights (with reference to the struggle to prosecute Augusto Pinochet and the 'human rights turn' in post-Pinochet Chile), the legal profession, legal education, European anti-discrimination law, women’s rights and gender equality, law and literature, law and the visual, legal life writing and socio-legal studies.
David has authored, co-authored and edited 24 books (including special issues of journals), and has written over 100 articles and book chapters. The recipient of research grants and scholarships within and beyond the UK, David has undertaken commissioned research for governments, inter-governmental organisations and non-governmental organisations.
Dr Summers' research interests lie generally in international law and its construction. He has particular interests in the field of peoples' rights, self-determination and statehood and the related cross-disciplinary topic of nationalism. Dr Summers also have interests in the use of force and the laws of war, in international organisations and international environmental law
Prof. James A. Sweeney’s research is about the after-effects of conflict and authoritarianism: principally in respect of human rights, transitional justice, and the rights of refugees. Recent works have included a study of the 'right to truth' about historical atrocities in comparative international human rights law; and a British Academy-funded examination of the role of the news media in setting and challenging the historical record of the secession of Kosovo from the then Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in the absence of a functioning truth commission.
Prof. Sweeney has acted as an expert advisor to the Council of Europe in relation to freedom of assembly projects in the former Yugoslavia and former USSR. He has delivered human rights legal training to the judges of the Ukrainian Supreme Court and the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of Kosovo, on behalf of the FCO. With the UN he has delivered training in Kosovo on media reporting of conflict-related sex and gender-based violence.
His work on 'credibility' of testimony in asylum applications, and on the human rights of failed asylum seekers, has been cited at the highest levels of the UK judiciary.
Prof. Sweeney joined Lancaster University Law School in 2013. Prior to that, he has worked at Durham, Newcastle and Hull universities.
Siobhan's research interests are focused in the areas of criminal law and criminal justice. Her research explores the socio-legal responses to, and experiences of, male survivors of sexual violence. She is currently leading an ESRC funded project examining jury decision making in cases of rape and sexual abuse involving male victims.
Siobhan is also interested in the socio-legal responses to women who commit serious offences, including homicide and sexual violence.
Tom is interested in administrative justice in the field of mental health, particularly the work of Hospital Manager Panels and the Mental Health Tribunal.
Tom is also interested in systems theory approaches to law, particularly complexity theory and autopoiesis.
Steven Wheatley was appointed Professor of International Law at the University of Lancaster in 2012. Before that he was Professor of International Law at the University of Leeds. He is the Law School’s REF Lead.
Professor Wheatley has two principal areas of research interest: human rights theory and democracy.
In relation to human rights theory, Steven has developed a highly original reading of the notion and nature of ‘human rights’ - drawing on the insights from complexity theory and social ontology. His 2019 book on The Idea of International Human Rights Law (OUP) explains the emergence, evolution, and power of human rights through the lens of complexity theory. He has recently applied these insights to the work of the ECHR (HRLR). Presently, he is thinking about the possibility of “Human rights for robots.”
Steven’s research is informed by his interest in emergence, complexity and social ontology. First working with Tom Webb, he explored the utility of complexity theory for the study of law. The resulting publication – Complexity Theory & Law (2018) set the agenda for future research in this area. Steven has relied on the insights from complexity to examine foundational issues of international law, including the emergence of new States (CJIL) and the challenges posed by the doctrine of inter-temporal law (OJLS).
Steven retains his interest in the relationship between democracy and international law. His publications on the subject have appeared in the ICLQ and EJIL and in monographs with CUP and Bloomsbury. He has relied on the deliberative concept of democracy to outline a procedural understanding of minority rights (EJIL) and the regulatory role of the Security Council (EJIL). Recently, he has focused on the problem of hostile state cyber-attacks on democratic elections, examining the issue through the lens of the non-intervention principle (Duke JCIL, 2020) and rule of sovereignty (Leiden JIL, 2023). He is presently involved in discussions on how best to protect the UK and other general elections from AI-enabled, hostile foreign State disinformation campaigns.
John's research interests are in company law and insolvency law. In regard to the former, John specialises in directors’ duties, shareholder rights and remedies. In relation to insolvency law John researches in the areas of administration, corporate rescue, investigations by insolvency office-holders, regulation, and the use of commercial discretion in insolvency decisions.
Dr Xu's main research interests are in English land law, Scottish property law, comparative property law, and apartment ownership law. He is particularly interested in land registration and subsidiary interests in land, such as easements, servitudes, covenants, land obligations and real burdens.
Yongyu primary research interests cover the study of the dynamics and organisation of white-collar crime and 'organised' crimes of a financial nature, such as financial market abuse, money laundering and cyber fraud. She has expertises in the use of crime script analysis and social network analysis in criminological research. She has previously held reserach positions at Manchester Metropolitan University, NASDAQ, Partnership for Conflic, Crime and Security Research (PaCCS), University of Manchester and University of Bristol. She obtained her university-funded PhD on the organisation of insider dealing at the University of Manchester, has an MRes in Criminology (Disctinction) and a BA Social Sciences from the University of Manchester.