Event Details

Seminar: Speaker: Dr Hisashi Hayakawa (早川尚志) • Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan. • RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKRI.

Abstract

Solar eruptions occasionally direct geoeffective Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and trigger intense geomagnetic storms. Among them, the Carrington storm has been considered one of the most extreme geomagnetic storms in the last two centuries. However, it is difficult to contextualize this storm with the modern dataset, as the Carrington storm hosted significant uncertainty in the magnitude estimates and the expected magnitudes were by far greater than the modern geomagnetic measurements in the space age. Here, this presentation show an overview of the most extreme geomagnetic storms in the last two centuries and reconstruct time series and magnitudes in their estimates. These reconstructions show that the Carrington event was certainly extreme but not likely unique and extreme geomagnetic storms can take place even immediately after a deep solar minimum. These reconstructions can be used for the worst-case scenario for the cut-off rigidity suppressions in the most extreme geomagnetic storms