In this module you’ll explore the molecular principles that govern cellular function and metabolism. You’ll study the structure and function of key biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, with an emphasis on their roles in metabolic pathways and other essential cellular mechanisms.

Topics include enzyme kinetics, metabolic regulation, and the biochemical basis of energy transfer within the cell. The module will provide you with the molecular underpinnings of human health and highlight how disruptions in biochemical pathways contribute to disease development. Laboratory sessions will let you gain a more in-depth and practical understanding of the topics covered. By the end of the module, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of key cellular biochemical processes relevant to molecular medicine and biotechnology.

In this module you will develop your understanding of the key stages in the life cycle of proteins, from their synthesis to their breakdown. You will explore amino acid biosynthesis, protein translation by ribosomes, the intracellular trafficking of proteins, and the post-translational modifications that influence protein function. Protein degradation pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, will be considered.

The importance of regulation of protein homeostasis in health and disease will also be discussed. The module will integrate experimental approaches and techniques used to study proteins and provide you with new insights into their applications.

This module explores the positive and negative roles of microbes with regards to human health. You will learn how our indigenous microbes help with numerous physiological functions, protect us from invasion by pathogens and how they are tolerated by our immune system.

We will take a detailed look at the pathogenic mechanisms of a range of microbes and what makes some more virulent than others. You will learn about our natural defence, the innate and adaptive immune system and how its various components (organs, cells, and messengers) collectively function to fight off infections.

We will also examine human interventions to control infections, i.e., prevention (e.g. disinfectants, vaccination) and therapy (anti-microbial compounds) and the challenges associated with each.

In this module you’ll explore the intricate processes through which cells respond to environmental and developmental signals. You’ll study the cellular signalling pathways, gene expression regulation, and the molecular mechanisms that guide processes such as growth, differentiation, migration, and survival.

The contribution of stem cells to these processes and how tightly regulated mechanisms shape tissues and organs will also be examined. You’ll gain a deep understanding of the dynamic interplay between cells and their surroundings, and how disruptions in these mechanisms contribute to developmental disorders and disease.

This module takes you through the process of drug development - from initial discovery to market. We'll cover target identification and validation followed by hit identification and lead discovery. You’ll learn about different approaches for finding new drugs: from high throughput screening of compound libraries to focused screens, virtual screens and structure-based drug design.

You’ll gain insight into challenges in assessing the efficacy and safety of new drugs, including the testing strategies and legal requirements involved. We will explore how preclinical models are used to test pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters and how this helps determine factors like drug formulation and dosing schedule. You’ll learn about the role of clinical trials in determining drug safety and efficacy, considering trial design and the importance of post-approval surveillance. The module will also provide contextual information on how preclinical and clinical trials fit into the international medicines regulatory process and its requirements.

In this module you'll gain a detailed understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system. You will learn how the diverse cell types of the nervous system work together to allow it to perform its various complex functions.

We will cover aspects from the microscopic scale, such as the molecular inner workings of single neurons and synapses, up to the large-scale complexity of how brain areas work together to process information and produce behaviour. How these processes are impacted in a variety of neurological disorders will also be considered. You will also gain new insight into the range of experimental approaches and techniques that have been used to reveal fundamental aspects of how the nervous system works. This module provides a firm foundation for your future studies in neuroscience.

Develop your knowledge and expertise in the characterisation of chemical systems. By integrating models of structure, bonding, motion and reactivity with spectroscopic and analytical techniques that can directly probe and interrogate chemical systems, you will develop an enhanced view of their properties, structure and behaviour.

Application of these techniques is explored in practical and skills modules.

Develop further knowledge and expertise in chemical synthesis, focusing on mechanistic and structural chemistry and expanding on the approaches we can use to rationalise and predict the behaviour, structure and reactions of organic molecules. You will also cover basic organometallic chemistry and the application of organometallics to organic synthesis. You will further your theoretical knowledge and understanding of organic chemistry, expanding on the approaches used to rationalise and predict molecular structure and functional group reactivity.

These approaches combine to develop an enhanced picture of the properties and reactivity of chemical systems, and the standard routes to synthesising a variety of different chemical compounds. Practical application of these techniques is explored in practical and skills modules.

In this module you will gain a deep understanding of the molecular processes that underpin the normal function of genes and genomes, with a focus on eukaryotes, and how these processes can become disrupted in disease.

We'll discuss DNA replication and the importance of faithful transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. We will also consider the molecular mechanisms used by cells to ensure the information encoded in the genome is transcribed and translated appropriately to produce proteins. You'll gain insight into the crucial role epigenetics plays in genome function through its regulation of gene expression and learn about how mutations arise in genomes and their effects on human health. We'll also cover the experimental techniques used for genome manipulation and analysis - foundational methods to much of modern biology.

This module will equip you with an in-depth understanding of critical concepts in the science of pharmacology through exploration of real-world examples. You will gain deeper insight into how pharmacodynamic parameters determine how drugs are administered and their effects on the body.

In addition to looking at how drugs affect the body, we'll also discuss how the body affects drugs - exploring in detail the pharmacokinetic parameters of absorption, distribution metabolism and excretion (ADME). You'll learn how drug formulation and delivery route can alter ADME characteristics, enabling a drug's effects to be fine-tuned to achieve the required clinical outcome. We will cover adverse effects of some drugs and how these can be mitigated. You'll also find out how individual and population genetics can affect drug responses and learn what this means for drug discovery and personalised medicine.

Bioinformatics is a technical field that uses software applications to analyse many kinds of information relevant to biochemistry and other branches of biology. These include databases of biological sequences, structures, networks, and functional annotations.

In this module you’ll learn how to apply various important software tools to investigate a protein. Specifically, you will learn how to visualise and manipulate protein structures, how to detect evolutionary pressures in gene sequences and how to track their history using phylogenetics. The scientific computing skills you will acquire are also a valuable transferrable skill for other disciplines.

The research project provides you with first-hand experience of research and the opportunity to be immersed in an area of work of current interest in biomedical and life sciences. Your research project is underpinned by training in research methods to support you in planning, conducting, and reporting on an open-ended investigation.

Throughout your project, you’ll receive one-to-one support from a member of academic staff with expertise in your specific area of study. Projects cover a wide variety of topics and may be carried out in a variety of ways. They involve a significant amount of original work and analysis, so you gain experience in a range of skills, including experimental design and testing of hypotheses. The project also helps you to develop graduate attributes relevant to employment, including time management, communication skills, and independent working. The results of your research are reported in a written dissertation and an oral presentation.

Whilst scientific advances have led to tremendous improvements in human health over the past century, significant challenges remain. These include, problems associated with an ageing population and an increase in non-communicable diseases, new and re-emerging infectious diseases, the impact of environmental factors and social determinants on health, as well as continued disparity in access to healthcare provision across different population groups.

In this module you will study challenges of global significance that will provide you with a real-world perspective on human health and the multi-disciplinary and collaborative approaches required to tackle challenges on a national and international scale. You will consider how technological advancements, such as the use of artificial intelligence, could positively transform healthcare, but also ethical concerns that may be raised by the implementation of new technologies.

This module will provide an in-depth exploration of novel pharmacological approaches that are revolutionising the treatment of many conditions. You will be introduced to new concepts in the design and use of small molecules to treat disease. For example, we will look at how PROTACs and molecular glues can be used to degrade target proteins rather than inhibit them. We will also discuss recently emerging therapeutic avenues such as biologics, nanotechnology, cell and gene therapy, immunological therapies, and other medicine modalities. You'll understand how these approaches work and the benefits they offer in treating and preventing disease.

In this module you will learn how brain circuits are set up and how they work to process information and produce behaviour. This module will give you a deep and broad understanding of nervous system function, from the mechanisms involved in the development of the nervous system, to how it is set up to process sensory information.

You will learn about the neural control of complex behaviours, learning and memory and higher order cognitive processes. You’ll also learn about the valuable role that experiments conducted in a diverse range of model organisms has played in elucidating the developmental pathways, molecular mechanisms and neural circuits underlying behaviours. Practical exercises will enable you to further develop your skills in experimental design and data collection, analysis, and interpretation, as you learn about how nervous system function can be manipulated by genetic approaches and measured by behavioural analysis.

This optional module covers topics informed by current research, providing significant depth in a specialised area of chemistry.

This module focuses on advanced topics in organic chemistry and will be of particular interest to you if you would like to focus on pharmaceutical and advanced mechanistic chemistry.

Build upon topics learned in earlier years, covering the synthesis and structure of both organic molecules, the application of transition metal complexes to the catalysis of organic transformations, and further developing your knowledge and expertise in advanced synthetic chemistry.

Ageing is perhaps the most multidisciplinary area of study and certainly one of the remaining great mysteries in biology. Although we have known for decades why we age, our understanding of the biological mechanisms of ageing remains incomplete.

In this module you will learn about current evolutionary and mechanistic thinking on ageing. We will cover how the advent of modern molecular biology tools has empowered experimentalists to put theories to the test, unravelling context-specific and conserved mechanisms of ageing, to paint a complex, but hopeful picture of human ageing. You'll journey through the intricate, sometimes shocking, history of biogerontology, from early rate of living and molecular damage theories to more recent theories involving genetic programs, inflammation, and epigenetic clocks. You will gain insight into how ageing rate may be modulated through genetics, lifestyle and pharmacology.

This module will examine the fundamental genetic causes of cancer, before discovering how modern genomics is transforming our understanding and treatment of this disease. You’ll explore the genetic and environmental factors that drive cancer, including inherited predisposition syndromes and lifestyle risks.

You’ll learn about cancer prevention strategies, screening techniques and diagnostic methods used in clinical practice. You will also explore the latest advances in cancer treatment, from targeted therapies to immunotherapy and the challenges of turning scientific discoveries into real-world treatments. You’ll engage with current research, gaining insights into the future of cancer care and study a range of common and rarer cancers. This will help your understanding of how research is shaping personalised medicine. By the end of the module, you’ll have a strong understanding of the causes, prevention, and latest advancements in the treatment of cancer, equipping you with the knowledge and skills for careers in research, biomedicine, biotechnology, and healthcare.

In this module you will examine the role of cell signalling in maintaining health and the results of its dysfunction in disease. You will cover key signalling pathways and second messenger systems and their roles in cellular communication.

Emphasis is placed on experimental techniques used to study signalling pathways and their potential as therapeutic targets. Through case studies, research literature and experimental approaches you will develop a critical understanding of signalling mechanisms in both normal physiology and disease states.

Advances in biomedicine raise complex ethical challenges that shape research, policy, and healthcare. In this module you will explore key ethical principles, examining how cultural, social, and political factors influence biomedical debates.

This module will equip you with the critical thinking skills to navigate dilemmas across public health, genetics, regenerative medicine, and clinical trials. Through interactive seminars and workshops, you'll engage with real-world ethical controversies, enhancing your ability to assess biomedical advancements and their societal impact. Key topics include the development of ethical principles in biomedicine, ethical considerations in human and animal research, and emerging challenges in biomedicine. This module develops ethical literacy, professional awareness and analytical skills to support a career in biomedicine.

In this module you will deepen your knowledge of clinical genetics and immunology. The genetic bases for diseases will be covered, along with the role of the clinical geneticist, the variety of diagnostic approaches and the future of genetics in medicine.

Examining immune function and immunopathologies, you'll consider clinical conditions such as autoimmunity, allergy and immunodeficiencies and how immunological techniques facilitate diagnosis and treatment. You will examine genetic and environmental causes of immune dysfunction and learn how this knowledge can be harnessed clinically in the context of transplantation and genetic disease.

In this module you will undertake an extended research project on a specific topic within your field of study. The MSci project enables you to build on the research skills you developed during your Biosciences Research Project but further enhances your independence and experience of working in a research environment.

You will undertake a review of relevant and contemporary research literature, apply appropriate research methods and techniques to collect, analyse and interpret data; and present your findings in an extensive written report and oral examination. The overall aim of this module is to help you develop greater competence in conducting rigorous, independent research, and to refine your ability to communicate research outcomes to a diverse audience. Throughout your project, you will receive one-to-one support from a member of academic staff that has expertise in your specific area of study.

Did you know that your brain is formed in the first 4 weeks of pregnancy and continues to mature into your mid-20s? Did you also know that your brain shrinks by about five percent per decade after the age of 40?

In this module, you’ll study a range of brain disorders that typically emerge at different points during childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Using examples such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, you’ll learn how genetic and environmental factors lead to the dysfunction of brain cells and associated pathologies. The impact of this on behavioural and cognitive changes will also be discussed. You’ll also actively participate in discussions of current and emerging methods for diagnosing and treating a range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. This module is ideal if you are interested in furthering your understanding of brain function throughout life.

Cancer is a complex disease that arises from our own cells and tissues. Mutation in specific genes play a key role in promoting tumourigenesis. Consequently, these molecular differences between cancer cells and our healthy tissues, provide an opportunity to target cancer.

You will explore the hallmarks of cancer to gain insight into how cancer cells differ from normal cells, learning how these provide opportunities to effectively treat cancer. You will also learn how a deep understanding of the genetic changes in cancer cells can identify which patients would benefit from specific treatments. The immune system plays a key role in tumourigenesis and for the treatment of cancer. You will develop your understanding of how selection and evolution within tumours can lead to resistance to specific chemotherapies and targeted therapies, which represent a new challenge to effectively treat cancer.

How do new medicines get discovered? What needs to happen to get new medicines available to people who need them? This module will provide you with the tools to critically evaluate the drug discovery process, using examples of successes and failures.

You will learn how current and emerging tools, such as genomics, virtual design, high throughput screening and safety testing are used to allow new medicines to reach clinical trials and regulatory approval. You will participate in discussions to unpick what we mean by diseases or conditions with unmet medical and societal need, intellectual property, Big Pharma and Small Biotech.

This module will also help you recognise the wide array of roles and responsibilities needed in this sphere such as academic scientists, medical professionals, pharmacists, statisticians, quality assurance, biomedical engineers, pharmacologists, and chemists. Applicable, real-life examples will anchor each concept.

Beyond the classical role of protecting us from infection, we are now beginning to uncover the key role of inflammation in obesity, cancer, and ageing. Therefore, understanding our immune system, as the key orchestrator of inflammation, has never been more important.

In this module you will gain advanced knowledge of the innate and adaptive immune system, understanding classical and novel cell types, their role in preventing disease and how failure of the immune system results in chronic infection or autoimmunity. You’ll study immunological disorders and how application of innovative immunological research is applied to biomedical science and clinical practice. You will also explore how our individual macro and microbiota influence our responses to therapeutics and develop an understanding of personalised medicine.

In this module you will study Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), a diverse group of conditions caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, and toxins found in snake venom.

The World Health Organisation estimates that NTDs affect more than 1 billion people worldwide, disproportionately affecting impoverished communities in tropical and sub-tropical regions, with significant health, societal, and economic consequences. Despite the tremendous impact NTDs have on human health and wellbeing, these conditions are considered ‘neglected,’ as historically they have received little attention and funding from the global community.

In this module you will develop a detailed understanding of the impact that a range of NTDs have on human health and global healthcare systems, as well as current approaches to their treatment, prevention, and control.