MSc Accounting and Financial Management

This module provides a review of basic concepts from mathematics, namely calculus, matrix algebra and probability, that need to be understood by all students of accounting and finance. The emphasis is on helping you to understand these concepts and how to apply them to a wide variety of mathematical problems.

Topics include:

• Functions of one variable, including exponential functions and logarithms

• Rules of differentiation

• Rules of integration

• Functions of two or more variables

• Partial differentiation and stationary points

• Matrix algebra and simultaneous equations

• Rules of probability

• Conditional probability and Bayes's theorem

• Discrete random variables, including the binomial and Poisson distributions

• Continuous random variables, including the exponential and normal distributions

• Expectation, variance and standard deviation

• The normal approximation to the binomial distribution

This short module acts as a primer for the Foundations of Finance module. It starts by introducing you to finance and corporate governance, and then applies time value of money to value perpetuities and annuities. It also looks at the concepts of net present value and internal rate of return and builds on these to address capital-budgeting aspects of investment decisions. Although the module seeks to do this with a minimum of financial maths, to understand these topics properly you will need to invest some time in learning a few relevant formulae.

The objective of this module is to ensure that you have grounding in basic accounting concepts before progressing to the programme’s main assessed modules.

It provides an overview of the context within which financial reporting occurs, the main components of a set of financial statements, concepts commonly accepted as underlying the production of financial statements and an introduction to basic techniques for analysing financial statements and valuing businesses.

The aim of this module is to provide students with an introduction to basic concepts related to financial markets, including key categories of market participants as well as main types of securities traded in these markets.

To enable students to understand key concepts and methods from applied statistics that are used in several more advanced modules in accounting and finance.

In this module you will cover the basic building-blocks of finance that are of primary concern to corporate managers, and look at all the considerations needed to make financial decisions, both inside and outside the firm. The time value of money is applied to value financial securities, and the module considers in depth the relationship between risk and return. The second part of the module introduces you to the theory and practice of financing and dividend decisions.

Through this module you will gain a good understanding of the following areas: valuation of financial securities, portfolio selection and diversification, capital asset pricing model, financing decisions and efficient capital markets, capital structure and valuation for the levered firm and dividend policy.

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Corporate Finance (CFA levels I and II)

• Portfolio Management (CFA levels I, II and III)

• Basic Valuation Concepts (CFA level II)

This module is designed to give you a better understanding of how professional accountants, working in a variety of environments in various countries, have attempted to use aspects of accounting theory to resolve major reporting issues. It also furthers your understanding of how academics have conceptualised and explained accounting choices.

Topics covered include the regulatory environment of financial reporting, international harmonisation of accounting standards, and contemporary issues in financial accounting.

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

Financial Statement Analysis (CFA levels I and II)

Providing you with a strong foundation for understanding both the economics of financial markets and the main types of securities traded in these markets, this module focuses on bonds, futures, swaps and options. It strikes a balance between the theory and practice as well as making important links between models and the real world. The emphasis is on both principles and problem solving.

Topics covered include bonds, the economics of derivatives markets, futures and forwards, swaps, and options.

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Securities Markets (CFA level I)

• Derivative Investments (CFA levels I and II)

• Debt Investments (CFA levels I, II and III)

This module examines the financial accounting issues that arise – from both conceptual and technical angles – for complex business entities operating within the context of International Accounting Standards, US and UK GAAP. It also assesses the impact of accounting theory in understanding and suggesting solutions to major reporting issues and examines the importance of relevant academic research to this area.

After introducing you to the nature and environment of complex entities, the module focuses on the following areas:

• Reporting financial performance: calculating earnings per share, defining income and comprehensive income, using reported income for analysis purposes

• Owner’s equity: accounting for share-based payments, reporting changes in owner’s equity

• Assets and liabilities: for example, intangible assets (including research and development), accounting for financial instruments, hedging

• Accounting for groups: business combinations, goodwill, non-controlling interests, different types of strategic relationships (associates and joint ventures), foreign currency translation

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Financial Statement Analysis (CFA levels I and II)

In this module you will acquire the tools needed to analyse financial statement information, in particular for the purpose of valuing businesses. This module is heavily based on cases.

After introducing you to the basic framework of fundamental analysis, the module focuses on the form and content of financial statements, operating and financial activities in the reformulation of financial statements, and the analysis of profitability. We will also consider issues that arise in the forecasting of financial statements.

We will then look at common valuation techniques, with the attention to each technique’s advantages and disadvantages and the connections between them.

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Equity Investments (CFA levels I and II)

• Financial Statement Analysis (CFA levels I and II)

Designed to develop your appreciation of the main approaches to measuring, analysing and reporting information to support management decisions, this module provides insights into planning, decision-making, performance evaluation and control. The decision-making part focuses on the techniques that enable a firm to find solutions for management accounting problems; the control part provides the insights and techniques that enable a firm to bring these solutions to fruition.

The module deals with techniques that facilitate planning and decision-making such as multi-stage cost allocation and activity-based costing. But it also deals with the effects of these techniques on managerial behaviour, and how to control these behavioural effects. The module is consistent with modern micro-economic theory, but any maths content is presented in an intuitive way. Since the module brings together management accounting and modern microeconomics it will be particularly valuable for those interested in pursuing a career in consulting.

This module builds on and extends the concepts covered in the core financial management module in the first term. The major topics covered include capital budgeting, capital structure, corporate valuation, corporate restructuring, merger and acquisitions, dividend policies, and application of real options in corporate finance. The analytical tools and financial theories discussed in the module are brought together through in an assessed report for which you work in groups to undertake comprehensive corporate finance analyses on a real company.

In lectures we will use cases based on real companies to demonstrate the links between the various areas of corporate finance. A key objective of the module is to help you explore how the financing and investment policies of firms interact with each other and how the decisions have implications for corporate valuation.

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Corporate Finance (CFA levels I and II)

The aim of this course is to equip students with the tools necessary to enable them to make the core investment management decisions that managers face on a daily basis as well as the knowledge as to where they can find the information necessary to apply those tools. This course covers fundamental concepts and key issues in asset pricing; modern portfolio theory and its applications; equilibrium theories of asset pricing; portfolio performance evaluation; mutual funds and hedge funds.

By the end of the course you should be able to:

• Discuss the theory and applications of the modern portfolio analysis and understand their strengths and limitations.
• Trace the efficient frontier under different conditions.
• Construct the optimal portfolio for an individual or for funds with specific goals.
• Solve real-world problems with asset pricing models.
• Develop techniques to evaluate the performance of money managers.
• Understand the debate questioning the efficient market hypothesis.
• Comprehend the structure and objectives of mutual funds, closed-end funds and ETFs and identify when they are appropriate.
• Understand the characteristics of hedge funds, and the variety of hedge fund strategies and styles.

This module provides extensive coverage of methods used for valuing derivative securities in the investment banking industry, and includes an introduction to stochastic calculus.

Topics covered include:

• Discrete-time vs. continuous-time finance

• Arbitrage pricing

• Continuous processes

• Stochastic calculus and Itô’s lemma

• Hedging issues

• Investment in derivatives

• Continuous dividends

• Black and Scholes model

• Interest rate derivatives

• Exotic derivatives

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Derivative Investments (CFA levels I and II)

This module gives you a framework for analysing the governance of organisations. It covers a selection of contemporary issues in corporate governance, using accompanying cases and readings. The teaching style is very interactive, so you will be expected to contribute to class discussions.

Topics covered include the goals of the firm and corporate governance theory, boards of directors, executive compensation, internal control and review, identifying, assessing and controlling risk, and financial reporting and external audit.

Designed to develop your understanding of the principles governing the valuation of fixed income securities and their derivatives, this module examines the main problems and selected issues relevant in the management of interest rate risk, and the organisations and structure of debt markets. Topics covered include debt securities and markets, the measurement of interest rate risk, and embedded options and interest rate derivatives.

This module contributes to the following CFA syllabus areas:

• Debt Investments (CFA levels I, II and III)

This module explains how econometric methods can be used to learn about the future behaviour of the prices of financial assets by using the information in the history of asset prices and in the prices of derivative securities. It also gives you practical experience of analysing market prices.

It will help you to understand the important features of time series of market prices, appreciate the relevance of efficient market theory to predicting prices, and make you familiar with appropriate methods for forecasting price volatility. You will also learn how to use option prices to make statements about the distributions of future asset prices, gain experience of applying computational methods in Excel to stock market and currency prices, and develop your knowledge of a broad range of econometric methods that are applied in finance research.

This module examines how banking institutions generate earnings and the nature of risks assumed in their operations, and gives you the conceptual framework needed to analyse and comprehend the current problems confronting managers of commercial banks and other financial intermediaries. It is assumed that you already have a good understanding of the basic theoretical concepts of corporate finance, monetary theory and financial accounting.

After briefly revisiting the question of why financial intermediaries exist and the distinctive roles of depository institutions relative to non-depository institutions, we move to the main focus of the module: explaining the various types of risk that financial intermediaries are exposed to as well as the ways that they measure and manage risk. This includes an analysis of interest rate risk, credit risk (individual loan risk and portfolio risk), off-balance sheet risk, and liquidity risk. The risk management component includes liquid asset management and liability management, product and geographic diversification, and the use of loan sales and derivatives.

Other important aspects include prudential bank regulation such as minimum capital requirements (i.e., Basel I, II, and III), countercyclical loan loss provisions, deposit insurance and other explicit or implicit guarantees. All topics are discussed in relation to the recent financial crisis.

This module introduces you to the leading financial platforms used in the financial industry. In particular, it gives you a general understanding of the structure, type of data and functionality of the Bloomberg Professional platform.

The module has a strong practical component, as you will be using the Bloomberg Professional terminals in our Financial Markets Lab to extract, analyse and interpret data available within the platform in order to solve real-life financial problems. Through this, you will gain important insights into how financial platforms such as Bloomberg Professional are used for problem-solving within the industry.

This module focuses on the various codes of ethics and regulatory frameworks to which professionals in accounting and finance are subject. It examines the nature of ethics and its application in the workplace, looking at various types of ethical issues that may arise. By introducing you to current topics in ethics and governance, the module develops your understanding of the role that governance plays in the management of a business and the evolution of good governance practice, and also your awareness of the consequences of unethical behaviour.

This module looks at what can happen to the asset pricing in situations where market imperfections coincide with imperfections in investor rationality. It therefore explores the boundary between mispricing which can be exploited and that which cannot be exploited profitably.

The module lays foundations for arbitrage, investment and wealth management, investment banking, and corporate finance. The material covered is at the frontier of academic and industry research, forming a conceptually advanced body of knowledge (CFA level III) which is of relevance for theory, research and practice.

Topics covered include:

• The efficient markets hypothesis and competing theories

• Limits to arbitrage

• Heuristics, biases and prospect theory: mental accounts and evidence in market prices

• Myopic loss aversion, disposition effect and overtrading

• Professional investors and analysts: over- and under-reaction

• Bubbles: observational and experimental, rational and non-rational

• Closed-end fund discounts, co-movement and sentiment

• The equity premium puzzle and the volatility puzzle

• Herding

• Behavioural portfolio theory